NIR and Petrology
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Near infrared spectroscopy and portable spectrometers can provide valuable information for petrology studies. Spectroscopy allows non-destructive identification of mineral phases in rocks and sediments and provides data on metamorphic intensity. Portable spectrometers allow for mineral and rock type analysis and mapping in the field, improving geologists' understanding of regional geology and landform history. The ASD TerraSpec spectrometer is well-suited for petrology applications, providing accurate measurements of a wide variety of rock samples in both field and lab settings through its portability, wide spectral range, and high signal-to-noise ratio.
![NIR and Petrology
“Petrology is the study of rocks – describing their
characteristics such as composition, texture, structure,
occurrence and distribution; and determining the conditions
and processes that formed them.” [5]
The value of Full-Range Spectrometers for Petrology:
• “Spectra, like human fingerprints, can be used to search
for materials with a similar spectrum and to investigate the
composition of the material.” [7]
• “Diffusive spectral reflectance (DSR) has been successfully
used as a geologic tool to identify mineral phases in rocks
and sediments. The method is non-destructive, fast, and
relatively inexpensive.” [4]
• “Scattering properties are wavelength-dependent and
can vary significantly over the VIS–NIR spectral range. In
particular, the phase function of a granular material is
affected by both the absorptivity and the external and
internal structure of the grains, from the millimeter scale
down to the wavelength scale.”[6]
• ”Reflectance spectroscopy can yield valuable information
on metamorphic intensity in rocks containing white mica,
particularly in low-grade sequences where conventional
indicators of metamorphic grade are lacking. Furthermore,
this information can be obtained with field-portable
spectrometers.”[1]
• “The main benefit of using the field spectrometer was the
ability to provide information relevant to understanding
the variations in mineralogy and, by inference, rock types
at a given location. This information was mandatory in
deciding the overall exploration strategy. By incorporating
estimates of rock types and their distributions, the geology/
geomorphology team improved their understanding of the
regional geology and history of the landforms present in
the field area.”[3]
ASD pioneered the science of field spectroscopy over
25 years ago and continues to lead the industry with the
world’s most trusted field-portable spectrometers.
The Solution:
ASD TerraSpec® spectrometers are portable with optimal
signal-to-noise design for faster measurements, and wide
spectral coverage of 350-2500 nm for determining a variety of
important geological parameters.
ASD offers different instrument configurations and many
accessory options for a variety of set-up and sampling
approaches for the most convenient and productive
measurement scenarios.
ASD instruments offer a practical solution for applications in
Petrology.
TerraSpec 4 Mineral Analyzer can be used in
the field or the lab; accurately measures a wide variety
of geologic samples, including clays and other alteration
minerals. The high signal-to-noise ratio of this spectrometer
allows for accurate measurement of even dark rocks
containing an abundance of iron silicate minerals.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/petrologynirus70804811-160719234223/85/NIR-and-Petrology-1-320.jpg)
![References
1. Duke, E.F., and Lewis, R.S. (2010). Near infrared spectra of white mica in the Belt
Supergroup and implications for metamorphism. American Mineralogist, 95, 908-920.
doi: 10.2138/am.2010.3281
2. Duke, E.F. (2016). NIR, Metamorphic Petrology & Remote Sensing [Video Webinar].
Retrieved from http://www.asdi.com/learn/resources/videos/nir-metamorphic-
petrology-and-remote-sensing.
3. Gazis, P., Newsom, H.E., & Stoker, C. (2001). Geological characterization of remote
field sites using visible and infrared spectroscopy. Journal of geophysical research,
106(E4), 7683-7711.
4. Hubbard, M. (2003, November). Application of VIS/NIR spectral reflectance in sourcing
and recognition of heat-treatment in cherts. In 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting.
5. Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). (2014, September 2). Petrology and
Mineralogy. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/earthsciences/Research/Areas_of_
Research/Petrology.php.
6. Pilorget, C., Fernando, J., Ehlmann, B. L., Schmidt, F., & Hiroi, T. (2016). Wavelength
dependence of scattering properties in the VIS–NIR and links with grain-scale physical
and compositional properties. Icarus, 267, 296-314.
7. Qiu, J.T., Li, P.J., Yu, Z.F., & Li, P. (2015). Petrology and Spectroscopy Studies on Danxia
Geoheritage in Southeast Sichuan Area, China: Implications for Danxia Surveying and
Monitoring. Geoheritage, 7(4), 307-318.
Although diligent care has been used to ensure that the information herein is accurate, nothing contained herein can be construed to imply any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, currency or completeness of
this information. The content hereof is subject to change without further notice. Please contact us for the latest version of this document or further information. © PANalytical B.V. 2015. 9498 708 04811 PN10747
Global and near ASD Inc.,
a PANalytical company
2555 55th Street, Suite 100
Boulder, CO 80301
United States of America
T +1 (303) 444-6522
F +1 (303) 444-6825
NIR.info@panalytical.com
www.asdi.com
PANalytical B.V.
Lelyweg 1, 7602 EA Almelo
P.O. Box 13, 7600 AA Almelo
The Netherlands
T +31 (0) 546 534 444
F +31 (0) 546 534 598
info@panalytical.com
www.panalytical.com
TerraSpec Halo Mineral Identifier
TerraSpec Halo Mineral Identifier is an all-in-one full-range
spectrometer (350-2500 nm) including the visible and
short-wave infrared regions. Halo includes an onboard GPS
producing GIS compatible information, audio recorder and
internal wavelength standard to allow for easy operation,
and efficient instrument status monitoring. It also features
ASD’s proprietary, state-of-the-art mineral identification
software for one click mineral-identification of up to seven
minerals contained in a natural sample in the field or the lab.
Ideal for Petrology applications:
• Field-portable solution
• Non-destructive
• Grain-size independent
• Little to no sample preparation
• Simple, rapid and cost effective real-time
measurement (data analysis in the field)
• Digital instrumental record, processes can
be automated
• Tie mineralogy at the outcrop scale
to that seen in remotely sensed
multispectral and hyperspectral images
• Extensive spectral library
with multiple examples of
minerals, fully validated
to ensure identification
accuracy.
• Multi-mineral predictions,
confidence levels and
spectral scalars that
allow the monitoring
of crystallinity changes,
subtle shifts in composition
and alteration patterns
associated within
geochemical and
geothermal gradients.
Figure 1. Real-time mineral identification with the TerraSpec Halo in Death
Valley, California (US). [2]
Halo Manager, the desktop computer-based software, allows
for the configuration of the TerraSpec Halo instrument,
display of Halo spectra and mineral identification results, and
exporting of the data to third-party software programs like
The Spectral Geologist (TSG®) Pro mineral analysis software
by AusSpec
• Export GPS coordinates and mineral identification to ENVI®
and GIS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/petrologynirus70804811-160719234223/85/NIR-and-Petrology-2-320.jpg)
NIR and Petrology
- 1. NIR and Petrology “Petrology is the study of rocks – describing their characteristics such as composition, texture, structure, occurrence and distribution; and determining the conditions and processes that formed them.” [5] The value of Full-Range Spectrometers for Petrology: • “Spectra, like human fingerprints, can be used to search for materials with a similar spectrum and to investigate the composition of the material.” [7] • “Diffusive spectral reflectance (DSR) has been successfully used as a geologic tool to identify mineral phases in rocks and sediments. The method is non-destructive, fast, and relatively inexpensive.” [4] • “Scattering properties are wavelength-dependent and can vary significantly over the VIS–NIR spectral range. In particular, the phase function of a granular material is affected by both the absorptivity and the external and internal structure of the grains, from the millimeter scale down to the wavelength scale.”[6] • ”Reflectance spectroscopy can yield valuable information on metamorphic intensity in rocks containing white mica, particularly in low-grade sequences where conventional indicators of metamorphic grade are lacking. Furthermore, this information can be obtained with field-portable spectrometers.”[1] • “The main benefit of using the field spectrometer was the ability to provide information relevant to understanding the variations in mineralogy and, by inference, rock types at a given location. This information was mandatory in deciding the overall exploration strategy. By incorporating estimates of rock types and their distributions, the geology/ geomorphology team improved their understanding of the regional geology and history of the landforms present in the field area.”[3] ASD pioneered the science of field spectroscopy over 25 years ago and continues to lead the industry with the world’s most trusted field-portable spectrometers. The Solution: ASD TerraSpec® spectrometers are portable with optimal signal-to-noise design for faster measurements, and wide spectral coverage of 350-2500 nm for determining a variety of important geological parameters. ASD offers different instrument configurations and many accessory options for a variety of set-up and sampling approaches for the most convenient and productive measurement scenarios. ASD instruments offer a practical solution for applications in Petrology. TerraSpec 4 Mineral Analyzer can be used in the field or the lab; accurately measures a wide variety of geologic samples, including clays and other alteration minerals. The high signal-to-noise ratio of this spectrometer allows for accurate measurement of even dark rocks containing an abundance of iron silicate minerals.
- 2. References 1. Duke, E.F., and Lewis, R.S. (2010). Near infrared spectra of white mica in the Belt Supergroup and implications for metamorphism. American Mineralogist, 95, 908-920. doi: 10.2138/am.2010.3281 2. Duke, E.F. (2016). NIR, Metamorphic Petrology & Remote Sensing [Video Webinar]. Retrieved from http://www.asdi.com/learn/resources/videos/nir-metamorphic- petrology-and-remote-sensing. 3. Gazis, P., Newsom, H.E., & Stoker, C. (2001). Geological characterization of remote field sites using visible and infrared spectroscopy. Journal of geophysical research, 106(E4), 7683-7711. 4. Hubbard, M. (2003, November). Application of VIS/NIR spectral reflectance in sourcing and recognition of heat-treatment in cherts. In 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting. 5. Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). (2014, September 2). Petrology and Mineralogy. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/earthsciences/Research/Areas_of_ Research/Petrology.php. 6. Pilorget, C., Fernando, J., Ehlmann, B. L., Schmidt, F., & Hiroi, T. (2016). Wavelength dependence of scattering properties in the VIS–NIR and links with grain-scale physical and compositional properties. Icarus, 267, 296-314. 7. Qiu, J.T., Li, P.J., Yu, Z.F., & Li, P. (2015). Petrology and Spectroscopy Studies on Danxia Geoheritage in Southeast Sichuan Area, China: Implications for Danxia Surveying and Monitoring. Geoheritage, 7(4), 307-318. Although diligent care has been used to ensure that the information herein is accurate, nothing contained herein can be construed to imply any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, currency or completeness of this information. The content hereof is subject to change without further notice. Please contact us for the latest version of this document or further information. © PANalytical B.V. 2015. 9498 708 04811 PN10747 Global and near ASD Inc., a PANalytical company 2555 55th Street, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301 United States of America T +1 (303) 444-6522 F +1 (303) 444-6825 NIR.info@panalytical.com www.asdi.com PANalytical B.V. Lelyweg 1, 7602 EA Almelo P.O. Box 13, 7600 AA Almelo The Netherlands T +31 (0) 546 534 444 F +31 (0) 546 534 598 info@panalytical.com www.panalytical.com TerraSpec Halo Mineral Identifier TerraSpec Halo Mineral Identifier is an all-in-one full-range spectrometer (350-2500 nm) including the visible and short-wave infrared regions. Halo includes an onboard GPS producing GIS compatible information, audio recorder and internal wavelength standard to allow for easy operation, and efficient instrument status monitoring. It also features ASD’s proprietary, state-of-the-art mineral identification software for one click mineral-identification of up to seven minerals contained in a natural sample in the field or the lab. Ideal for Petrology applications: • Field-portable solution • Non-destructive • Grain-size independent • Little to no sample preparation • Simple, rapid and cost effective real-time measurement (data analysis in the field) • Digital instrumental record, processes can be automated • Tie mineralogy at the outcrop scale to that seen in remotely sensed multispectral and hyperspectral images • Extensive spectral library with multiple examples of minerals, fully validated to ensure identification accuracy. • Multi-mineral predictions, confidence levels and spectral scalars that allow the monitoring of crystallinity changes, subtle shifts in composition and alteration patterns associated within geochemical and geothermal gradients. Figure 1. Real-time mineral identification with the TerraSpec Halo in Death Valley, California (US). [2] Halo Manager, the desktop computer-based software, allows for the configuration of the TerraSpec Halo instrument, display of Halo spectra and mineral identification results, and exporting of the data to third-party software programs like The Spectral Geologist (TSG®) Pro mineral analysis software by AusSpec • Export GPS coordinates and mineral identification to ENVI® and GIS