Nodejs mongoose
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Mongoose is an object data modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB and Node.js which allows for defining schemas and models. It provides features like validation, middleware, population (joins), and document operation methods. With Mongoose, schemas can be defined to specify the structure and types of data, and models can then be created to interact with MongoDB documents according to those schemas.
![Schemas
var
blogSchema
=
new
Schema({
title:
{
type:
String,
index:
true
},
author:
String,
body:
String,
comments:
[{
body:
String,
date:
Date
}],
date:
{
type:
Date,
default:
Date.now
},
hidden:
Boolean,
meta:
{
votes:
Number,
favs:
Number
}
});](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nodejsmongoose-130617074254-phpapp01/85/Nodejs-mongoose-4-320.jpg)
![Schemas
var
schema
=
new
Schema({
name:
String,
binary:
Buffer,
living:
Boolean,
updated:
{
type:
Date,
default:
Date.now
}
age:
{
type:
Number,
min:
18,
max:
65
}
mixed:
Schema.Types.Mixed,
_someId:
Schema.Types.ObjectId,
array:
[],
ofString:
[String],
ofNumber:
[Number],
ofDates:
[Date],
ofBuffer:
[Buffer],
ofBoolean:
[Boolean],
ofMixed:
[Schema.Types.Mixed],
ofObjectId:
[Schema.Types.ObjectId],
nested:
{
stuff:
{
type:
String,
lowercase:
true,
trim:
true
}
}
})](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nodejsmongoose-130617074254-phpapp01/85/Nodejs-mongoose-6-320.jpg)
![Schemas
//
example
use
var
Thing
=
mongoose.model('Thing',
schema);
var
m
=
new
Thing();
m.name
=
'Statue
of
Liberty'
m.age
=
125;
m.updated
=
new
Date;
m.binary
=
new
Buffer(0);
m.living
=
false;
m.mixed
=
{[
any:
{
thing:
'i
want'
}
]};
m.markModified('mixed');
m._someId
=
new
mongoose.Types.ObjectId();
m.array.push(1);
m.ofString.push("strings!");
m.ofNumber.unshift(1,2,3,4);
m.ofDate.addToSet(new
Date());
m.ofBuffer.pop();
m.ofMixed
=
[1,
[],
'three',
{
four:
5
}];
m.nested.stuff
=
'good';
m.save(callback);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nodejsmongoose-130617074254-phpapp01/85/Nodejs-mongoose-7-320.jpg)
![內建validator
ALL: required
Numbers: min, max
Strings: enum
Validation
courseSchema
=
new
Schema({
title:
{
type:
String,
required:
true
},
description:
String,
status:
{
type:
String,
"enum":
['on',
'off']
}
});](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nodejsmongoose-130617074254-phpapp01/85/Nodejs-mongoose-10-320.jpg)
![population
var
mongoose
=
require('mongoose')
,
Schema
=
mongoose.Schema
var
personSchema
=
Schema({
_id
:
Number,
name
:
String,
age
:
Number,
stories
:
[{
type:
Schema.Types.ObjectId,
ref:
'Story'
}]
});
var
storySchema
=
Schema({
_creator
:
{
type:
Number,
ref:
'Person'
},
title
:
String,
fans
:
[{
type:
Number,
ref:
'Person'
}]
});
var
Story
=
mongoose.model('Story',
storySchema);
var
Person
=
mongoose.model('Person',
personSchema);
類似join的功能
類似foreign key
也可以有多筆foreign key](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nodejsmongoose-130617074254-phpapp01/85/Nodejs-mongoose-12-320.jpg)
Nodejs mongoose
- 1. mongoose using mongoDB with node.js
- 2. mongoose • mongo資料庫物件操作 for node.js • 定義schema • middleware • 操作model • validation • 類join: population • ⽂文件操作
- 3. mongoose • mongo資料庫物件操作 for node.js • connect(uri, option, callback) 安裝 $ npm install mongoose var mongoose = require('mongoose'); var cb = function(err) { if (err) { return console.log("Error connecting to: " + uristring + "."); } else { return console.log("Successfully connected to: " + uristring); } }); mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test', {db: {safe:true}}, cb);
- 4. Schemas var blogSchema = new Schema({ title: { type: String, index: true }, author: String, body: String, comments: [{ body: String, date: Date }], date: { type: Date, default: Date.now }, hidden: Boolean, meta: { votes: Number, favs: Number } });
- 5. Schemas • Types • String • Number • Date • Buffer • Boolean • Mixed • Objectid • Array
- 6. Schemas var schema = new Schema({ name: String, binary: Buffer, living: Boolean, updated: { type: Date, default: Date.now } age: { type: Number, min: 18, max: 65 } mixed: Schema.Types.Mixed, _someId: Schema.Types.ObjectId, array: [], ofString: [String], ofNumber: [Number], ofDates: [Date], ofBuffer: [Buffer], ofBoolean: [Boolean], ofMixed: [Schema.Types.Mixed], ofObjectId: [Schema.Types.ObjectId], nested: { stuff: { type: String, lowercase: true, trim: true } } })
- 7. Schemas // example use var Thing = mongoose.model('Thing', schema); var m = new Thing(); m.name = 'Statue of Liberty' m.age = 125; m.updated = new Date; m.binary = new Buffer(0); m.living = false; m.mixed = {[ any: { thing: 'i want' } ]}; m.markModified('mixed'); m._someId = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(); m.array.push(1); m.ofString.push("strings!"); m.ofNumber.unshift(1,2,3,4); m.ofDate.addToSet(new Date()); m.ofBuffer.pop(); m.ofMixed = [1, [], 'three', { four: 5 }]; m.nested.stuff = 'good'; m.save(callback);
- 8. Schemas userSchema.methods.comparePassword = function(candidatePassword, cb) { if ( candidatePassword == this.password ) { return cb(null, true); } else { return cb( new Error("Password does not match") ); } }; userSchema.statics.findByName = function(name, cb) { this.find({ name: name }, cb); }; personSchema.virtual('name.full').get(function () { return this.name.first + ' ' + this.name.last; });
- 9. middleware userSchema.pre('save', function(next) { //encrypt password and save to password field }); init, validate, save, remove前後執⾏行 userSchema.post('save', function (user) { console.log('%s has been saved', user._id); })
- 10. 內建validator ALL: required Numbers: min, max Strings: enum Validation courseSchema = new Schema({ title: { type: String, required: true }, description: String, status: { type: String, "enum": ['on', 'off'] } });
- 11. ⾃自定Validator var toySchema = new Schema({ color: String, name: String }); var Toy = mongoose.model('Toy', toySchema); Toy.schema.path('color').validate(function (value) { return /blue|green|white|red|orange|periwinkel/i.test(value); }, 'Invalid color'); var toy = new Toy({ color: 'grease'}); toy.save(function (err) { // err.errors.color is a ValidatorError object console.log(err.errors.color.message) // prints 'Validator "Invalid color" failed for path color with value `grease`' console.log(String(err.errors.color)) // prints 'Validator "Invalid color" failed for path color with value `grease`' console.log(err.errors.color.type) // prints "Invalid color" console.log(err.errors.color.path) // prints "color" console.log(err.errors.color.value) // prints "grease" console.log(err.name) // prints "ValidationError" console.log(err.message) // prints "Validation failed" });
- 12. population var mongoose = require('mongoose') , Schema = mongoose.Schema var personSchema = Schema({ _id : Number, name : String, age : Number, stories : [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Story' }] }); var storySchema = Schema({ _creator : { type: Number, ref: 'Person' }, title : String, fans : [{ type: Number, ref: 'Person' }] }); var Story = mongoose.model('Story', storySchema); var Person = mongoose.model('Person', personSchema); 類似join的功能 類似foreign key 也可以有多筆foreign key
- 13. population Story .findOne({ title: /timex/i }) .populate('_creator', 'name') // only return the Persons name .exec(function (err, story) { if (err) return handleError(err); console.log('The creator is %s', story._creator.name); // prints "The creator is Aaron" console.log('The creators age is %s', story._creator.age); // prints "The creators age is null' })
- 14. Models 新增資料 var schema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: 'string', size: 'string' }) var Tank = mongoose.model('Tank', schema); var Tank = mongoose.model('Tank'); var small = new Tank({ name: 'T92', type: 'light' }); small.save(function (err) { if (err) return handleError(err); // saved! }) // or Tank.create({ name: 'M1A1', type: 'MBT' }, function (err, small) { if (err) return handleError(err); // saved! })
- 15. Models 操作 var schema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: 'string', size: 'string' }) var Tank = mongoose.model('Tank', schema); User.find({age: {$gte: 21, $lte: 65}}, callback); User.where('age').gte(21).lte(65).exec(callback); Tank.remove({ type: 'light' }, function (err) { if (err) return handleError(err); // removed! });
- 16. Models 操作 Tank.findByIdAndUpdate(id, { $set: { size: 'MBT' }}, function (err, tank) { if (err) return handleError(err); res.send(tank); //return updated document }); var query = { name: 'borne' }; Model.update(query, { name: 'jason borne' }, options, callback) // is sent as Model.update(query, { $set: { name: 'jason borne' }}, options, callback)