NON FINITE CLAUSE (SIC)
- 1. NON FINITE CLAUSE FOR STRUCTURE IN CONTEXT -BY- NUR NADHIRAH NASUHA BINTI ROZAIMI NIK AFRINA NABILA BINTI NIK ISMAIL SAYUMI NAKAMURA
- 2. Introduction O A nonfinite clause cannot function as a main clause and cannot stand on its own. O It is sometimes described as a reduced clause. O It may serve as a subject, or a complement to a verb, a noun or a preposition
- 3. EXAMPLES OI had something to eat before leaving. OAfter having spent six hours at the hospital, they eventually came home. OThe person to ask about going to New Zealand is Beck. OThe boy located in the back got the teacher’s attention. OSpeaking in class is what he does best. OHe could go to the pool by bus.
- 4. FUNCTIONS OTo speak in class is difficult for some children. (subject) OHe loves to participate in class discussions. (verb complement) OSpeaking in class is what he does best. (subject)
- 5. OHe dislikes sitting quietly. (verb complement) OPrepared students excel in class. (pre-modifier) OStudents encouraged by their teachers do well. (post-modifier)
- 6. TYPE OF NON FINITE CLAUSE OThere are five categories of non finite clause OPRESENT PARTICIPLE OPAST PARTICIPLE OTO-INFINITIVE OBARE INFINITIVE OGERUND
- 7. PRESENT PARTICIPLE OPresent participle : verb /+ ing OPresent participle ends with -ing and represents an action that is going on or incomplete.
- 8. EXAMPLES OWe met a girl carrying a basket of flowers. OI heard my dad going up the stairs. OMy mother is the lady wearing the red hat. OThe singing bird was the main attraction of the event. OThe blind man, thinking all was save , tried to cross the road.
- 9. PAST PARTICIPLE OPast participle use third form of verb and is usually ends in -ed, -d, -t,-en or - n. OIt indicates about the completion of task in past.
- 10. EXAMPLES OHe gave a written complaint. OShe showed us a plate of scones crammed with cream. ODo not waste your time staring at a closed door. OThe candidate selected for this post is my brother. ODriven by hunger, she stole an apple.
- 12. TO-INFINITIVE OPreceded by ‘to’ OFor example I. I need to run every day. II. To dance was her passion. III. Give him an ornament to polish. IV. The officer returned to help.
- 13. Functions of To-Infinitive ONouns He likes to hunt. I need to go to sleep. To read is good for the mind. To summarize a report is helpful to some people. Jeff needs to study harder and to get to school on time.
- 14. OAdjectives I need a volunteer to take the minutes. I don’t have time to eat. After breaking his leg, Dave had many obstacles to overcome. The teacher has a long teaching plan to make. Determination to win will bring the team success.
- 15. OAdverbs I am going to the store to buy a 100-watt light bulb. The bus driver sounded his horn to warn the walkers. Eager to get home, Jack left from the hospital early in the day. Our neighbor, Jack Jones, returned home to recuperate from the heart attack.
- 16. BARE INFINITIVE ONot preceded by ‘to’ OFollows modal verbs (Eg: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, or would) OAlso follows other verbs (Eg: feel, hear, help, let, make, see, and watch) OAfter rather, better and had better OCommand sentences
- 17. EXAMPLES OModal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, or would) He can speak English. He should go home. They might finish by Wednesday. You must take a break. After the success of Windows 95, Microsoft could outsell any competitor.
- 18. OOther verbs (feel, hear, help, let, make, see, and watch) We heard her sing. Mark helped his friend finish. I watched them bake the bread. She noticed him run away from the house. I saw you peep through the window of the teaching staff room.
- 19. OCommand sentences Be careful. Arrange the icons. Adjust the speaker volume. Shut down the system. Debug the program. Display the date. Click on the Find button to start the search. Select the appropriate programming language.
- 20. GERUNDS ONoun Verb OEnd with –ing OEven though all gerunds end with the suffix -ing, not every word which ends -ing is a gerund.
- 21. EXAMPLES OActing is fun. OI hate running. OBackstabbing people is exciting. OKilling is a crime. ORunning the tap will clear the air pocket. OOne of his duties is attending meetings. OMy father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.
- 22. FINITE VS NON FINITE FINITE NON FINITE Indicate person, number and tense Does not indicate person, number and tense Have a definite relation with the subject and can be changed according to tense Do not change but remain constant with the change in tense or number or person Types: Present Tense Past Tense Types: Present Participle Past Participle Infinitive Gerund Example: I spoke to Joan last night. He plays football every evening. Example: I have spoken to Joan about it. Playing football is what he does every morning.