2. -These are the guidelines
people are supposed to
follow in their relation
with one another.
-They indicate what
people should or should
not do in specific
situation.
They indicate the standard of
propriety, morality, legality, and
ethics of a society that are
covered by sanctions when
violation are made.
3. NORMS
– Rules of behavior that are agreed upon and shared
within a culture and that prescribe limits of
acceptable behavior.
– They define “normal” expected behavior and help
people achieve predictability in their lives.
– Norms have varying levels of prescriptive force,
how closely one is expected to adhere to them
4. TYPES OF NORMS
a. Folkways – these are everyday
habits; customs, traditions and
conventions people obey without
giving much thought to the matter
b. Mores- these are the norms people
consider vital to their wellbeing and
most cherished values; they are special
customs with moral and ethical
significance, which are strongly held and
emphasized.
- more stringent than
folkways, as they determine what is
considered moral and ethical behavior.
5. Norms
• Mores: ‘ a society’s standards of proper moral
conduct’
• Distinguish between right and wrong
• Essential to maintaining way of life
• People develop emotional attachment to mores
and will defend them publicly
• Folkways: society’s customs for routine, casual
interaction
• Distinguish between right and rude
6. FOLKWAYS vs MORES
Strongly held norms that
usually have a moral
connotation and are based
on the central values of the
culture.
Examples
Monogamy
Respect for the parents
Community services
Love of country
Violations
strong negative reactions
social disapproval
Observe in our casual
social interaction and which
are repetitive in nature.
Examples
Fall in line while boarding
MRT or LRT
Wear appropriate clothes on a
given occasion
Respond when spoken to
Violations- people viewed as
peculiar or eccentric
7. Examples of Folkways:
1. Correct manners.
2. Appropriate dress.
3. Proper eating behavior.
4. Shaking hands and embracing when meeting.
8. Examples of Norms Violation:
Inside the classroom……
Make noise in classroom.
Never bring a book, pencil, or paper.
Read a novel during class.
Smoking in the class.
Wear clothes backwards
Guys could wear girl garments
9. Examples of Norms Violation:
Walk around the mall with an open
umbrella.
Talking to yourself in public.
Driving on wrong side.
Say goodbye when you answer the phone
Have a animated conversation with
yourself in public.
Continue …….
10. Protecting children.
Taking care of the aged people.
Loving one’s country.
Doing services for the society.
Worshipping God.
Speaking the truth.
11. TABOO
-strict prohibition of behavior that
society holds so strongly that violating it
results in extreme disgust or expulsion
from the group or society.
Examples
Desecration of a church or temple
Sexual molestation of a child,
Incest
Eating pork in Muslim culture
Practice of cannibalism
12. Examples of changing folkways:
Not too long ago a man was always expected to hold a door open
for a woman, and a woman was never expected to hold a coat
for a man.
How much have norms about proper dress in reference to how
much of the body is visible changed over time?
On the other hand what mores have changed about the
correctness of rape, murder, child abuse, etc.?
Folkways change much more easily than mores
13. c. Laws- these are
formalized norms
enacted by people
vested with legitimate
authority.
- enforced by
government law
enforcement
agencies.
When someone violates a law,
depending on the type of violation, a
light (payable fine) to severe
(imprisonment) sanction will be
imposed by a government authority.
14. IDEAS, BELIEFS, VALUES
Ideas are non-materials aspects of culture
and embody man's conception of his
physical, social and cultural world
Beliefs refer to a person's
conviction about a certain idea.
Values are abstract concepts of what is
important and worthwhile, they are
general ideas that individuals share
about what is good or bad.
16. Culture relativism
Culture Shock
It refers to the feelings of disbelief,
disorganization and frustration one
experiences when he encounters
cultural patterns or practices which
are different from his.
The concept of cultural relativism
states that cultures differ, so that a
cultural trait, act, or idea has no
meaning but its meaning only within
its cultural setting.
17. Ethnocentrism
It refers to the tendency to see the behaviors,
beliefs, values, and norms of one's own group
as the only right way of living and to judge
others by those standards.
Xenocentrism
It refers to the idea that what is
foreign is best and that one's lifestyle,
products or ideas are inferior to those
others.
