On the road to open science: recent international developments in open access policies
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The document discusses recent international developments in open access policies, highlighting the growing recognition of its benefits by policymakers. It outlines key milestones, trends among funders and research institutions, and the evolving landscape of open access practices, including mandatory policies and the significance of data management planning. The European Horizon 2020 initiative is emphasized as a catalyst for change in promoting open dissemination and long-term preservation of research results.
On the road to open science: recent international developments in open access policies
- 1. OOnn tthhee rrooaadd ttoo ooppeenn sscciieennccee:: rreecceenntt iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall ddeevveellooppmmeennttss iinn ooppeenn aacccceessss ppoolliicciieess Accesso Abierto 5a Conferência luso-brasileira 06●10● 2014 Victoria Tsoukala, PhD| NATIONAL DOCUMENTATION CENTRE (ΕΚΤ) University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 2. Increased interest in policy development • Benefits of open access increasingly understood by policymakers. A long process • Enabler of innovation, development, citizen-science, transparency in research and research ethics • Enabler of open science=one component in a bigger system • In the spirit of and aligned to other current policy trends , openness to government information (PSI), Open education, open cultural information, etc. • Public money and access to citizens University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 3. International policy trends: main actors National government bodies Public and private funders Research performing institutions Publishers Scholarly societies University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 4. Recent important national and international open University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 access policy milestones • 2014: Portuguese funding agency (FCT) policy (funder) • 2013: G8 statement on open access (international; statement) • 2013: White House Executive Directive (national) • 2013: Italian law (open access to publicly funded research and culture; Ministry of Culture) (national) • 2012: Irish national principles on open access (EU) • 2011: Spanish Research and Technology Law (national) • ......... • 2004 OECD principles for open access to research data from public funding
- 5. Open access and the European Commission University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 • 2012: European Recommendation on ERA (EU) o Open circulation of knowledge one of five pillars of the European Research Area • 2012: European Commission Recommendation on open access to, dissemination of and preservation of scientific information (EU) o MS should develop national strategies ensuring public access to publicly funded research, ensuring all public funders and research institutions have policies and infrastructures • MS to monitor progress and report to the EC o The National Points of Reference • Horizon 2020 rules: leading by example
- 6. Policy trends among funders University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 • Increase of mandates (=obligatory policies) o In general they require deposit and open access in repositories o UK only country out of tune! • Attention to monitoring and connection of compliance to evaluation • Increasing, responsibility falls on institution and not on individual researcher (government policies) • Requirements for minimum standards and technical compliance that will allow publications and data to be found and re-used • Turn to policies for data management planning and open access to research data o significance of data management plans o significance of expert data centers and repositories o significance of long term preservation • Discussions on funding models and sustainable models
- 7. Overview of funder policies • In Europe many national funders have open access policies (mostly in the NW of Europe!) (Portugal, Ireland, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Germany etc etc) • They mostly concern publications • Now, 2nd generation policies and increasing focus on policies for open access to research data • The strongest, most ‘policed’, and likely most effective, are the ones in the UK. Why? University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 o Because of the REF! • More and systematic work necessary to o Mandatory policies o monitor effectiveness of policies o develop data policies o Focus on long-term preservation
- 8. Policy trends among research performing institutions • Increasing numbers adopt open access policies for publications University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 • ‘2nd generation policies’ oMandatory policies oConnected to researcher evaluation • Increasing numbers adopt polices for data management oAdvances in UK, US, Australia
- 9. Institutional open access policy approaches University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 U Liege & U Minho • Obligatory deposit in repository with publication • Your (author’s) final copy ok • Immediate open access if possible • Respect publisher embargo • Immediate open metadata • Usually a top-down process, which in the end involves the researcher The Americans…..Harvard etc • Non-exclusive license to the University to manage your work and deposit in open access in not-for profit mode • University deposits it in repository • More bottom up involvement in policy, with little effort by the researcher afterwards
- 10. University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 Scholarly Societies • Diverse landscape • Could be more involved in defining standards and policies that promote openness among their constituency • Very often they are themselves publishers • In some cases societies do define policies and ethics criteria that include open access to scientific results
- 11. University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 The publishers • Not very friendly to self-archiving and green open access policies, but……… • Making as much money as possible for author-processing charges, now embedded in the research funds • Large numbers of open access publishing ventures by large and small publishers, for profit and not for profit • Major role in connecting research publications with research data • Some publishers develop mandatory polices for open access to research data accompanying publications
- 12. OA in Horizon 2020 University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 13. Open Access in Horizon 2020 • Obligatory open access through repositories to all peer-reviewed publications of all funded projects • Pilot Action for open access to research data in seven areas for 2014-2015 (new action) o (Future and Emerging Technologies΄Research infrastructures – part e- Infrastructures; Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies – Information and Communication Technologies; Societal Challenge: 'Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy' – part Smart cities and communities; Societal Challenge: 'Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw materials' – except raw materials; Societal Challenge: 'Europe in a changing world – inclusive, innovative and reflective Societies‘; Science with and for Society) o Participation from other areas possible on a voluntary basis o ERC does not participate at the moment o Possible to refrain for specific reasons University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 14. Open access requirement in Horizon 2020 • It is a requirement to deposit in open access not to publishing in open access ono interference with academic freedom to publish • It is mandatory • It will be monitored • You are required to report on compliance • It might be policed (EC reserves right to refrain from full payment) • All tools to implement requirement are in place • It introduces the data management plan as an integral part of research University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014
- 15. University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 Overall • Increasing involvement in securing open dissemination and long-term preservation of results, a changing role for funders, increased responsibilities • 2nd generation open access policies (funders and universities) • Much work still necessary on researcher culture, great variability between fields, work with young researchers oIdeally openness will permeate every aspect of research • Significance of data-driven research • In Europe, Horizon 2020 has catalyst effects on relevant behavior and policies
- 16. Supporting aligned policy development across Europe: University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 PASTEUR4OA • Sibling-project to FOSTER • Supports national, funder and institutional processes o Coordinated support to member states oPotentiating national centres of expertise • Develops network of expert centres across Europe to continue this work • Builds on work of MedOANet
- 17. RECODE: supporting open access policies for research data in Europe • Studied four major challenges in open access research data: stakeholder motivations; legal and ethical; infrastructural; institutional • Issues recommendations for key stakeholders (Jan 2015) • Project lead: Trilateral Research & Consulting, UK • Save the date: Final project conference on research data oAthens 15 and 16 January 2015 oInformation by October 15 (including accommodation) at University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 http://recodeproject.eu
- 18. University of Coimbra, 6 October 2014 Thank you! tsoukala@ekt.gr http://pasteur4oa.eu http://recodeproject.eu http://medoanet.eu www.ekt.gr or http://web.ekt.gr/en www.openaccess.gr http://openarchives.gr http://epublishing.ekt.gr