Online assignment aji (1)
- 1. TOPIC: LABORATORY RULES, DISCIPLINE AND FIRST AID
- 2. PAPER: EDU 09.8 -Theoretical base of physical science Education-2
- 3. ONLINE ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY SMITHA MISS AJI.G LECTURER IN B.ED STUDENT PHYSICAL SCIENCE PHYSICAL SCIENCE SUBMITTED ON:5-8-2015
- 4. INDEX SL.NO CONTENT PAGE NO 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LABORATORY RULES 2 3 DISCIPLINE 3 4 ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AIDS 4-7 5 CONCLUSION 9 6 REFERENCE 10
- 5. INTRODUCTION The laboratory is central to physical science instruction .It is here the students learn to handle apparatus ,think independently and draw conclusions on the basis of practical observation .This infuses self confidence and an independent attitude in them. Similarly the possibility of accidents in laboratory is common. Without experiments the student cannot experience the reality of life. So, some disciplinary system should be maintained the laboratory
- 6. LABORATORY RULES 1, No pupils should be allowed to enter the laboratory in the absence of the teacher 2, Every student should have a place assignedfor him for his work 3, Pupils should perform only those experiments assigned by the teacher 4, No equipment or chemical should be used until proper instructions are received from the teacher 5, Reagent bottles should be returned to the shelf immediately after use and these should not be misplaced. 6, Specimens, solidwaste, broken glass, burnt up match sticks and other laboratory wastes should be deposited in waste boxes. 7, Any breakage of apparatus or accidents or injury must be reported to the teacher. 8, All unnecessary talks should be avoided and playing with the apparatus should be prohibited.
- 7. 9, the apparatus should be disconnected, washed if necessary and replaced in their proper places. 10 consider the safety of fellow students. A scientific atmosphere should be kept up in the laboratory. DISCIPLINE The practical work in a laboratory requires good discipline. The teacher should lay down strict guide lines on the kind of behavior expected in the laboratory. Students should be trained to leave their work area as clean as possible and talking in the laboratory should be discouraged. Laboratory safety is a positive undertaking which the science teacher is expected to take up at the time of engaging in any activity in the laboratory in the presence of his students. This would ensure acquisition of safety conscious attitudes among pupils. Creation of which is a very important duty of the science teacher.
- 8. ACCIDENTS& FIRST AIDS IN THE LABORATORY The purpose of first aid is to make the patient secure and comfortable and to prevent deterioration in condition until any necessary professional medical assistance available. Thus first aid stands for F- first I- investigate R- reassure S-steady T-treatment A- arrange I- immediate D- dispatch Thus the scope of first aid- diagnosis, treatment and transport must be understood by every teacher. The following conditions are medical emergencies and require immediate attention. 1. Severe bleeding
- 9. 2. Absence of breathing 3. Eye injuries. SOME COMMON LABORATORYMISHAPSAND REMEDIES Poison:- The general principle should be to call the doctor at once. Consumed poisons / non corrosive poison:- The victim should be made to vomit immediately. Put two fingers inside the mouth or give chilled salt water. Corrosive poison:- i. Acids: Do not make the patient vomit .Dilute the acid with plenty of water. This will reduce irritation. Plenty of water followed by milk of magnesia. ii. Alkalis: Do not make him vomit. Plenty of water followed by lemon
- 10. iii. Unknown nature: Universal antidote – activated carbon, magnesium oxide and tannic acid in the ratio 2:1. INHALING POISONOUS GAS The first step should be to check his breathing. Take the patient into fresh air loosen his clothes. If conscious serve hot tea or coffee. To counter chlorine or bromine fumes, the patient should smell ammonia and rinse her mouth with sodium bicarbonate. FIRE The following are among the sources of fire hazard encountered in school science laboratories. 1. Ignition of solvent vapors: some of these vapors ignite well below red heat. Flammable, volatile liquids should not be poured from one container to another near a naked flame. 2. Uncontrolled chemical reactions: It is essential that a teacher rehearses all the experiments that she and her pupils undertake and that only the minimum
- 11. quantities which are kept should be stored in a fire resistant store. 3. Local heating due to electrical or other faults: Fires can result from the inadvertent obstruction of electric fan blades or overheating of gadgets with built- in lamps. All electrical equipment used in school. If a person’s clothing is on fire, it is imperative that the victim is put into a horizontal position immeadietly.This will limit the spread of injury. The burnt clothing should be extinguished by water by means of a fire blanket. The doctor should be called at once. EYE INJURIES Following eye injuries call for immediate attention 1. Acid in eyewash the eye with plenty of water. Then apply weak solution of sodium bi carbonate 2. Alkali in eyewash with plenty of water. Then wash with 1% solution of boric acid 3. Solid in eye: Do not rub the eye. Try blowing of the solid. The eyelid may be turned back gently over a match stick. Any foreign matter may be removed with
- 12. fine camel hair brush dipped in glycerin or with the end of clothes Burns can be used either by dry heat or chemicals. Burns may be classified into, 1. Heat burns are accompanied by loss of fluid from the blood in to the tissues causing blisters to form. Small burns should be treated by cooling the injured areas as rapidly as possible using running water. 2. Chemical burns should be washed with copious amount of water. Some chemical substances viz. phosphorousand bromine, cause severe burns and medical advice must be sought as a matter of urgency. 3. Acid burns should be washed immediatelywith plenty of water and then with sodium bicarbonatesolution followed by topicalapplication. 4. Alkaliburns shouldbe washed with water, followed with weak acetic acid or lemon juice. ELECTRIC SHOCK The lowest level of current is detectable by the skin is about 1mA at 50HZ. Any increase in current can pose a serious threat to life. In the event of a shock first switch of f the mains.
- 13. Use a dry stick /newspaper or rubber to pullthe persons away from the point. Check If he is breathing and under no circumstances must hisbody be touched.
- 14. CONCLUSION Laboratory work is an essential component of science education. Scientific theories and practical work in science are the two sides of a coin. These two aspects of science education should supplement and complement to each other. If the students have an acceptance towards the rules and regulations of the laboratory accidents should be prohibited to a limited extend.
- 15. REFERENCES 1. Dr. Mathew. T.K AND Dr. Molly Kutty.T.K(2013) Science Education: Theoretical bases of teaching and pedagogic analysis. 2. Dr.Shivarajan .k (2005). Science Education method of teaching and pedagogic analysis.