The document discusses several principles of object-oriented programming and software design, including:
- The Open-Closed Principle (OCP), which states that software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification. This allows adding new functionality without changing existing code.
- The Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), which requires objects in a program to be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering desired functionality.
- Design by Contract (DBC), which involves defining preconditions and postconditions for methods and functions. Derived classes can weaken preconditions and strengthen postconditions.
- The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP), which specifies that high-level modules should