Operate personal computer

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Unit of Competence
Operate Personal Computer
Prepared By Abenezer A.

Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Unit Descriptor
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 This unit defines the competence required to operate a personal
computer, including starting the PC, logging in, using and
understanding desktop icons and their links to
underlying programs, navigating a directory structure,
saving work, printing, closing down the PC and word
processing .

Learning outcome
At the end of this module the trainees will able to:
LO1: Start the computer
LO2:Access basic system information
LO3: Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment
LO4 Organize basic directory/ folder structure and files
LO5: Organize files for user and/or organization requirements
LO6: Print information
LO7: Operate application software

LO1: START THE COMPUTER
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 Check peripheral device connections for correct position.
 Check input voltage for the device based on the OHS
standards.
 Switched on power at both the power and computer.

Check peripheral device connections for
correct position.
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What is Peripheral Device?
 A computer peripheral is a device that is connected to a
computer but is not part of the core computer architecture.
 The core elements of a computer are the central processing unit,
power supply, motherboard and the computer case that contains
those three components. Technically speaking, everything else is
considered a peripheral device.

Why we need Computer Peripherals?
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You connect the device to the computer to expand the
functionality of the system.
For example, consider a printer. Once the printer is
connected to a computer, you can print out documents.
Another way to look at peripheral devices is that they are
dependent on the computer system.

Cont…
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For example, most printers can't do much on their own, and they
only become functional.
Example: A peripheral device connects to a computer system to
add functionality.
Examples are a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner.
Learn about the different types of peripheral devices and how
they allow you to do more with your computer.

Cont…
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There are 3 types in Computer Peripherals.
1. Input device: An input device is a piece of equipment that enables
data to be entered into a computer system(Example Mouse,
Keyboard, Joystick ,Microphone ,Digital Camera, Scanner
etc..)
2. Output device: which provides output to the user from the computer
(monitors, printers, etc.)
3. Storage device: which stores data processed by the computer
(External hard drives, flash drives, etc.)
Types of Computer Peripherals

Cont…
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Peripheral devices can be external or internal.
For example, a printer is an external device that you
connect using a cable, while an optical disc drive is
typically located inside the computer case.
Internal peripheral devices are also referred to as
integrated peripherals. When most people refer to
peripherals, they typically mean external ones.

What is Computer?
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 A Computer is a programmable electronic device/machine
that accepts data as input, stores and processes it, and then
gives the information as output.
A computer system is the combination of hardware and
software.
1. Hardware and
2. Software

Computer Software
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 Computer hardware is directed by a set of instructions. Without these
instructions, computers can do nothing.
 These set of instructions are called software (also called programs).
 We use programming languages to write these instructions.
 Examples of programming languages include C, C++, Visual Basic,
Java, etc.
 Software are categorized into two:
 System Software
 Application Software

Computer Hardware
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 Computer hardware is the physical part of the computer
system that can be seen and felt.
 The hardware part of a computer system is composed of a
number of interacted physical parts.
E.g. keyboard, mouse, system unit, monitor and
power switch

Hardware Parts of Computer
System Unit
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Power Switch
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System Unit
 It processes, stores, and
communicates information.
 components of System unit
 CPU
 Primary Memory
 RAM & ROM
 Secondary Memory
 Internal Hard Disk
 Mother Board
 CD-Drive
 Ports & etc…
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Monitor
 This is what we call the Display Unit or
Screen.
 This visually communicates with the
user.
 Almost all information communicated
from the computer to the user is
through the monitor
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Power Switch
 Both the system unit and the
monitor have a power switch
that turns them on and off.
 Most power switches have this
symbol.
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Keyboard
It is an important tool that allows a user to communicate with
the computer.
We use keyboard in order to type text into the computer.
 It is composed of “keys” that send a signal to the computer that
the computer recognizes and uses to carry out processes and
programs.
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Cont…
Keys on the Keyboard
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Numeric Key
Function
Key

Cont…
Backspace Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
To delete the character
(or space) to the left of the
cursor

Cont…
Delete Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
To delete the character
(or space) to the right of
the cursor

Cont…
Escape (Esc) Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to cancel the
current operation or
Used to exit a program

Cont…
Tab Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to move from one
position on the screen to
another
 Used to create indentation
for paragraphs

Cont…
Caps Lock Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to type letters in
UPPERCASE when caps lock
button is ON
•To deactivate caps lock, press
the caps lock key again.

Cont…
Shift Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used in combination with a second
key.
By holding down the shift key, it is
•Used to capitalize letters
•Used to type the characters and
symbols above the numbers on
the number keys.

Cont…
Space Bar Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to create a space (one
character wide) between
characters or words

Cont…
Enter Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to activate anything
that you have selected
But in text processing, used
to moves the cursor down to
the next line

Cont…
Arrow Keys
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Pressing one of these keys will
cause some type of screen
movement in the direction of
the arrow on the key

Cont…
End Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to find and see the LAST
page of a document

Cont…
Home Key
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Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to find and see the
FIRST page of a document

Cont…
Numeric Keys
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Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used to type numeric data

Cont…
Function Keys
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Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used for some specific purpose
Example:
•F1-Help
•F2-Rename/Setup
•F4-Find (in word)
•F12-Save as (in Ms Office)

Cont…
Control (Ctrl) Key
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Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Usually used with another key
Example: Ctrl + S, Ctrl +C,
Ctrl +V, Ctrl + O, etc

Cont…
Alternate (Alt) Key
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Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used in combination with
other keys
Example:Alt +Tab, Ctrl +
Alt + Delete, etc

 Similar to the keyboard, the mouse is used to communicate with the
computer.
 The mouse is like a remote control to aTV
 It is a tool that drives the computer that can be used “away from the
computer;” though the mouse is considered your direct connection
into the computer world.
Mouse

Fit the palm of your hand
around the mouse, with
 your index finger resting on
the left (the primary) mouse
button &
 your middle finger resting on
the right (the secondary)
mouse button.
 Let the heel of your hand rest on
the desk or table.
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Cont…
Using the Mouse

Cont…
 As you move the mouse, the mouse pointer (the cursor on the
screen) will move in the same direction as your hand.
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The
Arrow or
cursor or
Pointer
is the visual cue that points, moves,
and selects things on monitor
Mouse Cursors

Cont…
MouseTechniques
1. Click
 To click, you press down one of the mouse buttons.
 As you click it, it makes a “clicking” noise.
2. Left Clicking
 This is the primary “click” that you will use.
 This is clicking on the left mouse button.
 When someone says,“click here,” that usually means to left click.
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3. Right Clicking
 This is used to change options or perform specific functions.
( using the displayed short-cut menu or Menu)
4. Point
 Use the mouse to move the mouse pointer so that it hovers over the top
of an icon or word on the screen.
Cont…

5. Drag and Drop
 Move the mouse pointer over the top of an item (such as an icon) on
your screen and then (while holding your hand still) gently press and
release the left button on the mouse.
 This technique is often used to make a selection.
6. Double-click
 While hovering the mouse pointer over an item on the screen, quickly
press the left mouse button two times.
 By double clicking, you are usually prompting the computer to take an
action on the item you selected
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Cont…

7. Select Item or Icon
 Press and hold down a mouse button (usually the left button).
 As you hold down the button, move the mouse in any
direction.
 Click and drag is a method used when “highlighting” or
“selecting” text.
 To do this to text, click at the beginning of the text that you
want to select, hold down the left mouse button, and move
your mouse to the end of where you want to highlight.
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Cont…

Turning the Computer ON and OFF
Turning the Computer ON
 On a desktop computer, there
will be a power button to turn
ON the computer.
 Similarly, there will be a power
button on the monitor to turn
ON the monitor.
 These buttons are usually on the
front of the computer and the
monitor.
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Follow the procedures below to turning the computer ON:
Push the power button on the computer (system unit)
 You will see some lights near the power button come on, these are
the lights to show you that the computer is running.
 Push the power button on the monitor (if it is not ON)
 A green light will show on the monitor
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Cont…

Turning the Computer OFF
 Follow the procedures below to shutdown the computer that allows
the computer to properly store files.
 Click on the start button at the bottom left of the screen.
 From the start menu choose Shut down.
 In the dialog box that opens, select Shut down (if it isn't already pre-
selected).
 Click on the OK button.
 Wait until the monitor turns black and the computer is no longer
making a humming noise.
 Lastly, turn off the computer monitor by pressing the power button on
the monitor.
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Cont…

Introduction MicrosoftWindows
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 MicrosoftWindows
 It is the operating system that is installed on most computers.
 Desktop
 It is the first screen you see on the monitor when the computer
starts up
 It is sometimes referred to as The Desktop Environment.
 The desktop environment is made up of several parts including:
Desktop Icons(Computer , Network and Recycle Bin etc…..)
TheTask Bar
The Start Button
NotificationArea(SystemTry)

Shows the disk drives and hardware connected to this
computer
Accessed the computer and the device are that are on the
network
Contain File and Folder that you have deleted
Cont…

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Show Desktop
Cont…
The area at the very bottom of the
computer screen
To help you keep things organized
Taskbar

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Show Desktop
Cont…
Start Button
Located on the lower left hand
corner of your screen (on the
taskbar)
Used to access all of the programs
on the computer so you can “start”
them.

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Show Desktop
Cont…
Quick Lunch
Used to Quickly access different
programs.

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Show Desktop
Cont…
Found at the right end of the taskbar.
It can give you quick access to changing
your computer's volume, display
properties, or mouse settings.
It also displays the current time and date.

C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Show Desktop
Cont…
Show Desktop
Used to Minimized all open files
and folder

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Working inWindows
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 A Window is a rectangle on your screen that organizes how
you
view and work in specific programs or
view files on your computer.
 Elements of a window:
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Status Bar
Scroll Bar
Minimize Button
Maximize Button
Close Button

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Cont…
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Title Bar
Status Bar

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Cont…
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Menu Bar
Status Bar

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Cont…
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Status Bar
Status Bar

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Cont…
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Status Bar
Scroll Bar

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Cont…
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Status Bar
Close Button

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Cont…
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Status Bar
Maximize Button

Cont…
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Status Bar
Minimize Button

Operation Sheet #1
1. Start computer
2. Shutdown Computer
3. Click On computer icon
4. Open DocumentWindow
5. Minimize DocumentWindow
6. Maximized DocumentWindow
7. Close DocumentWindow
8. Drag recycle bin icon and Drop Icon
9. Select all icon on the Desktop
10. Drag Selected Icon and Drop
11. Pointing On Start Button
12. Open Paint ProgramThen DrawTriangle, Rectangle and Ellipse shade
13. Open Paint ProgramThen Draw Ethiopian Flag and Oromia Flag
14. Finally Show your work for your trainer
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LO2: ACCESS BASIC SYSTEM INFORMATION
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 Insert User name and password as prompted and noted
access, privacy, security and related conditions of use displayed
on introductory screens
 Navigate Operating system to access system information to
identify system configuration and application versions in
operation
 Use On-line help functions as required

Access privacy, security of user name and password
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What is a Security?
 On a network, protection of a computer system and its data from
harm or loss, implemented especially so that only authorized users can
gain access to shared files.
What is a User?
 A person who uses a computer. If the computer is connected to a network,
a user can access the programs and files on the computer, as well as
programs and files located on the network (depending on account
restrictions determined by the network administrator).

Cont…
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What is a user account?
 A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows
which files and folders you can access, what changes you can
make to the computer, and your personal preferences, such as
your desktop background or screen saver.
 User accounts let you share a computer with several people, while
having your own files and settings. Each person accesses his or
her user account with a user name and password.

Cont….
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 There are three types of accounts. Each type gives users a
different level of control over the computer:
1. Standard accounts are for everyday computing.
2. Administrator accounts provide the most control
over a computer, and should only be used when
necessary.
3. Guest accounts are intended primarily for people who
need temporary use of a computer.

Cont….
68
How to create user account
 To open user accounts, click Start, and then click Manage
 Create a new user account
 To rename a user account
 To delete a user account
 To change the password for a user
 To disable or activate a user account
 To modify a user account
How to create user account
 To open user accounts, click Start, and then click Control Panel.
Double-click user account

Operating system
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What is an Operating System?
 Is a computer program that manages the hardware and software
resources of a computer.
 It Co-ordinates the activity between the user and the computer.
 Through OS you can tell the computer to run a program, to
type your letter, and to store and retrieve the data you work
with the computer.

The OS performs basic tasks such as:
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 Controlling and allocating Memory.
 Prioritizing system requests.
 Controlling input and output devices.
 Make Easy NetworkingAnd Managing Files.
 It also may provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
for higher level functions.

Types of Operating Systems
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1. SingleTasking OS(CLI)
2. Multi-Tasking OS(GUI)

Cont….
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1. SingleTasking OS
 Only one program can be run on the computer at a
time.
 Example: MS-DOS
TO START MS DOS,
Click Start button  Click Run  Type cmd Click OK.
Click Start button All Programs  Accessories 
Click Command Prompt.

MS DOS Commands
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The following are MS Dos Commands.
I. Internal Commands:
 Dir …………………….Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a
directory
 Ver………….………….Displays the version of the operating system.
 Cls ……………………..Clears the screen
 Date ……………………Displays or sets the date
 Time ……………………Displays or sets the system time.
 Ren ………………..……Renames a file or folders.
 CD …………………..….Specifies that you want to change to the parent
directory
 RD …………….…………Removes (deletes) a directory
 MD………………...…… Makes (Creates) a directory
 Copy………………..…... Copies one or more files to another location
 Type ………………...…..Displays the contents of a text file or files

Cont….
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II. External Commands:
 Xcopy …………………Copies files and directory trees
 Edit…………………….Opens MS DOS editor.
 fdisk ………………….Partition Hard disk for use with Windows
98.
 format……………….. Formats a disk for use withWindows.
 Diskcopy …………….Copies the contents of one floppy disk to
another
 Doskey ………………Edits command lines, recalls Windows
2000 commands, and creates macros
 CHKDSK …………… Checks a disk and displays a status report
 Scandisk…………….Same as CHKDSK.
 Comp …………………Compares the contents of two files of
sets of files..

Cont….
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2. Multi-Tasking OS
 Designed to run more that one program at a time.
 Example: MS-Windows (Win 95,Win 98,Win NT, Win 2000,
WinXP,W7.W8,W10).
Multi-User OS
 Used in large companies to connect a number of computers
(workstations), to a Server so that Server's CPU is shared by all
of the workstations.

System Information
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 System Information collects and displays system
configuration information for local and remote
computers.
 This includes information about
1. Hardware configurations
2. Computer components, and
3. Software, including signed drivers and unsigned drivers.

Cont…
77
 When support technicians troubleshoot your system
configuration, they require specific information about your
computer. You can use System Information to quickly find the
information that these technicians need to resolve a system
problem.
 System Information saves data files in a native (.nfo) format.
You can also open .cab and .xml files in System
Information.

LO3: Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment
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 Create and customize desktop icons
 Select, open and close to access application programs
desktop icons
 Manipulate and desktop return to original conditions
application windows

Introduction
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 Navigate and manipulate desktop environment deals with
creation of desktop icons, using icons to access application
windows and manipulating application windows

1. Desktop icons
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 Icons: icons are little pictures that represent objects,
such as files or actions such as menu commands the user
can initiate an action by double-clicking on the icon
 Program icon: A graphic symbol representing an
application or document .double click on the icon to start
the application associated with it

2. Manipulation of application windows
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 Application Window: contains a running application.
Application windows have menu bars and may also contain
one or more document window
 Document window: contains a document used by an
application. Generally, document windows appear within
application windows and are often referred to child
windows

Windows Component
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 Title bar
 Displayed along the top of all most all program, folder and
display box windows.
 Maximize, Minimize, Restore and Close Buttons
 To close a windows using keyboard
 PressAlt+F4

Cont…
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To minimize all program windows simultaneously
-Right click on empty part of theTask bar
- select show the desktop
To reverse the effect of minimize all windows
-Right click on empty part ofTaskbar
-select Undo show Open windows
Scroll bar: Allows movement of text and graphics within windows

 Window Borders: the area framing the window.
 Control icon: All windows have control icons
 Dialog box: Allow you to enter text in to the dialog box
 Text box:Allow you to enter text in to the dialog box
 List box: Select from the list of option
 Scroll buttons: Drag up or down to move the window
display
Cont…

 Scroll bar: used to move up or down through the contents of
a window
 Dropdown list: A list of option from which items can be
selected
 Check box and Radio button
 Check box allows the selection of one or more items
 Radio button allows only one a single selection
Cont…

Desktop icons(Practical Section)
88
To add a desktop icon
To rename a desktop icon
To arrange your desktop icons
To customize a background color
To put a shortcut icon on the desktop
To turn off the desktop icon grid

Rename Icon
89
Method 1
 Right click on icon
 Then click on rename
 Then type name
Method 2
 Select icon
 Then press from keyboard F2
 Then type name

Manipulation of application windows
90
Window components
Opening aWindow
Resize an OpenWindow
Moving aWindow
Displaying All OpenWindows
Arrange all open windows
Minimizing aWindow
Maximizing aWindow
Restoring aWindow
Closing aWindow

LO4:- Organize basic director/folder
structure and files
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 Create and name directories and subdirectories
 Identify attributes of directories.
 Move subdirectories between directories
 Rename directories as required.
 Accesses directories and subdirectories via different
paths

Introduction
92
 This Presentation briefly defines director, folder and their
attributes and how to move directories and also brief sub or
child directories/folder
Folder
 A container for programs and files in graphical user interfaces,
symbolized on the screen by a graphical image (icon) of a file
folder.
 A folder is a means of organizing programs and documents
on a disk and can hold both files and additional folders.
Folder is a directory in windows environments

Cont…
93
 The Root Directory is the top of the directory hierarchy
for a drive.
 Directories and subdirectories form a structure called
Directory tree. Suppose you want to keep letters and minutes
of the different units of Addis Ababa University (AAU)
separately you can then create subdirectories in the following
format

Create the following Directory
structure Under My Document
95

Mary Help College

 All directories except the root directory are
subdirectories; however they are commonly called directories.
To understand the relationship between two or more
directories, the term parent & child directories are used.
For example, the root directory is the parent director of the
subdirectories FACULITY,finance and ADMINST.
 FINANCE is the parent directory of PAYROLL, and
PURCHASE on the other hand PAYROLL and PURCHASE are
called child directories of FINANCE.
Cont…

LO5:- Organize files for user and/or
organization requirements
98
 Use system browser to search drives for specific files
 Accesses most commonly used types of files in the directories.
 Select, open and rename groups of files as required
 Move files between directories.
 Copy files to disks.
 Restore deleted files as necessary.
 Erase and format disks as necessary.

Use system browser to search drivers
99
 Search for a file or folder/To search the Internet

Accessing commonly used files
100
 To show your most recently used documents on the
Start menu

LO6: Print information
101
Add Printers if required and ensured to have
correct printer settings(layout, paper size,
paper tray, cartridge type, number of copies,
orientation)
Change Default printer if appropriate.
Print Information from an installed printer

LO7:- Operate application software
102
 Create Documents and customize basic settings
to meet page layout conventions.
 Format Document and create tables.
 Add Images and use mail merge
 Select Basic print settings and print documents.

Operate personal computer

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