Access and use internet
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The document discusses various topics related to computer networks and the internet. It defines a network as a collection of interconnected computers and devices that allow sharing of resources. It describes the basic components of a network like computers, network interface cards, cables, and technical knowledge. It also summarizes different types of networks including LAN, MAN and WAN and factors to consider when choosing a network. The document then defines the internet and summarizes how it works, common internet services, and how people use the internet. It also discusses internet connections, internet service providers, URLs and common types of internet connections.
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by
Instr
Abenezer.A
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World Wide Web(3W)
Internet:
The Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of text
documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, usually
accessed by Web browsers from Web servers
Web Page
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for
distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1] HTTP is the
foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. The HTTP protocol
is designed to permit intermediate network elements to improve or enable
communications between clients and servers.
A web page or webpage is a document or information resource that is
suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser
and displayed on a monitor or mobile device.
This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/accessanduseinternet-210614090841/85/Access-and-use-internet-29-320.jpg)
Access and use internet
- 2. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Network: What is Network? Network It is a collection of computers and peripheral devices connected by communication links that allow the network components to work together. 1. Computers: A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware resource between many users. The Internet is a global network of networks. 2
- 3. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 2. Communications: A system that enables users of telephones or data communications lines to exchange information over long distances by connecting with each other through a system of routers, servers, switches, and the like. Network: What is Network? Importance of Networking Resource sharing (data and equipment) High reliability by having alternative sources of supply Money Saving Increase system performance Powerful Communication medium among widely separated people 3
- 4. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Hardware requirement Computers Network Interface Card/Network Adapter Card & Modem Cable with their Connector Others (Know how) Network: What is Network? Computers: A minimum of two computers is required to establish a computer network 4
- 5. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Network Interface Card/Network Adapter Card & Modem It is an expansion card that physically connects a computer to the network Each computer in the network must have a network card It takes the data from the computer’s internal bus and converts it into standard packets of information that it then sends along the cable Network: What is Network? Cable with their Connector A medium that used to connect the computers and peripherals physically A connector (RJ 45 & RJ 11) that allows the cable to connect with 5
- 6. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Others (Know how) A required knowledge in order to Use a network Network: Types of Network Based on the geographical span of coverage computer networks are broadly classified into three major categories. Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) 6
- 7. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Local Area Network(LAN) It is the basic building block of any computer network It is confined in a limited geographical area E.g. :- Lab, School or building Characteristics of LAN Physically limited Inexpensive cable media (Co-axial or twisted pair) Used for data and hardware sharing Network: What is Network? 7
- 8. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Covers large geographic areas It use fiber optic cables E.g.: - Colleges, Universities , Banks etc… Network: What is Network? 8
- 9. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Wide Area Network (WAN) Computer in a network are situated in a wider geographical area. Communication is established through telephone lines. Microwave links and satellites etc… It has no geographical limit, is made up of a number of interconnected LANs. Network: What is Network? 9
- 10. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A The type of Network you choose to implement depends on Size of the organization Level of Security required Level of administrative support available Amount of Network traffic Needs of the network use Network budget Network: What is Network? 10
- 11. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 11 3. Connects LANs in city or town 2. Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building. 1. Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmission media 4. Network that covers large geographic area using many types of media 5. What is the world’s largest WAN ? ACTIVITY 1 (Question & Answer session) Network LAN MAN WAN Internet
- 12. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Internet: What is Internet? What is Internet? The internet is the global connection of computers. It is just the network of networks. There are different kinds of networks from those internet uses the Wide Area Network (WAN) type. The computers in this network are connected via a huge network of telecommunication links. The internet allows you to access a whole resource of data and information stored at different sites (called hosts or servers) and locations all around the world Internet 12
- 13. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A The Communication links that interconnect each host computer use a common method of transmission known as TCP/IP which stands for transmission control protocol/internet protocol. Internet: What is Internet? How did the Internet Evolve? Internet was developed by the ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) proposed by Paul bran to protect the US air force from a nuclear strike. After implementing the network, it was called as ARPANET (the Advanced Research Project Agency Network) and used by the US military and US universities 13
- 14. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A Service of the internet Internet: Service of Internet E-mail (Electronic Mail) - permits the sending and receiving of messages to other users connected to the internet. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - a means of sending and receiving files from computer to another. WWW (World Wide Web) - accessed using a web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, Google chrome, Firefox and etc is a means of locating and displaying information located on the internet. E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) - Through the internet you can shop for various products and pay through your credit card. 14
- 15. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A How Does the Internet Work? Internet: What is Internet? The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange data using a common software standard. Through telephone wires and satellite links, Internet users can share information in a variety of forms. The size, scope and design of the Internet allows users to: connect easily through ordinary personal computers and local phone numbers; exchange electronic mail (E-mail) with friends and colleagues with accounts on the Internet; post information for others to access, and update it frequently; access multimedia information that includes sound, photographic images and even video; and access diverse perspectives from around the world. 15
- 16. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A In addition to text documents, the Internet makes available graphics files (digitized photographs and artwork), and even files that contain digitized sound and video. Through the Internet, you can download software, participate in interactive forums where users post and respond to public messages, and even join "chats," in which you and other users type (and, in some cases, speak) messages that are received by the chat participants instantly. Internet: What is Internet? What Kinds of Information are Available 16
- 17. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A How Do People Use the Internet? Internet: What is Internet? Obviously, the Internet can bring you a whole host of capabilities. But how can they be put to practical use? Among the ways that users like yourself are taking advantage of the Internet are: Sharing research and business data among colleagues and like-minded individuals. Communicating with others and transmitting files via E-mail. Requesting and providing assistance with problems and questions. Marketing and publicize products and services. Gathering valuable feedback and suggestions from customers and business partners. The Internet's potential is limited only by users' vision and creativity. And as the Internet grows, new and innovative uses will surely follow. 17
- 18. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 18 Internet Connection Internet: Options for internet connections Telephone line Cable television line Personal satellite link Wireless or cell phone service Special high-speed telephone services Software Any web browser like:- Internet Explorer, Mozilla fire fox, Netscape Navigator and etc… Compatible Operating System with the browser. Example - Windows XP.
- 19. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 19 Others A telephone Connection A TCP/IP account with internet service provider (ISP). Currently in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation is the internet Provider in Ethiopia. Internet: What is an ISP? To access to the Internet you do not typically connect your computer directly to the backbone. Instead you connect to an ISP which is connected to the backbone. Note:- TCP/IP is language that the computers use to communicate with each other.
- 20. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 20 An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that maintains Internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet access to businesses, organizations and individuals (for which they pay a monthly fee, sometimes also an installation fee, technical support fee …) Internet: ISP
- 21. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 21 Local and national ISP Internet: What is Internet? Local ISP usually supplies Internet access within a limited geographical area. A national ISP supplies access for customers spread throughout a large geographical area. Select an ISP according to different factors Geographical coverage: the ISP should provide service in the places that you typically use your computer. Type of service: each ISP can be specialized in only one type of service/internet connection.
- 22. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 22 Quality of service: it will also depend on the type of internet connection, but the ISP can give you a minimum level of quality (e.g. with a cable connection, if all your neighbors use the same pipe, the speed will not be the same if all of them are connected at the same time or if you are connected alone) Internet: What is Internet? Cost of monthly service: the ISP usually charges monthly fees for the service, but they can have rate plans according to a limited number of hours or a limited amount of data downloaded/uploaded. Cost of equipment and installation: also important to know the total cost of the internet connection (e.g. a modem can be relatively inexpensive but a satellite installation can cost several hundreds of dollars)
- 23. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 23 Extra services: an ISP typically provides a connection to the internet and an e-mail account, but now is more and more common that they offer extra services such as multiple e-mail accounts, online data storage, facilities to create your own website, online or free antivirus … Customer service: most ISPs are prepared to answer customer’s questions over the phone or via e-mail. The time it takes to get a response can be the key to choose or disregard the ISP. Internet: What is Internet? To communicate with an ISP, your computer uses some type of communications device, such as a modem. A modem contains circuitry that converts the data-carrying signals from your computer to signals that can travel over various communications channels. The kind of modem you use depends on whether you are connecting to a dial-up, wireless, cable, satellite,
- 24. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 24 NSP: (Network service provider): The Internet backbone consists of high- speed fiber-optic links connecting high-capacity routers that direct network traffic. Backbone links and routers are maintained by network service providers (NSPs), such as AT&T, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, Sprint, and Verizon. Internet: What is Internet? NSPs supply Internet connections to large Internet service providers, such as EarthLink, AOL, AT&T, and Comcast An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that offers Internet access to individuals, businesses, and smaller ISPs.
- 25. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 25 Internet: What is Internet?
- 26. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 26 Internet: What is Internet? What is a URL A uniform resource locator (URL) is a means of specifying the path name for any resource on the internet. Resources and files available through the www are identified using URLs. URL represents a standardized scheme for the internet resources and help users locate these resources. A URL consists of three parts: A protocol part A host part A document part The basic structure of a URL is hierarchical and the hierarchy moves from left to right Protocol://server-name.domain-name.file-name
- 27. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 27 Example: http://www.microsoft.com Internet: What is Internet? URL is read as “http colon slash slash www dot Microsoft dot com” Domain Name: is a way to identify and locate computers connected to the internet No two organizations can have same domain name Example - Maryhelpcollege.com, cnn.com, bbcnews.com, telecom.net.et etc… http – represents the protocol part www – represents the server name Microsoft.com – is the domain name A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS).
- 28. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 28 Abbreviation Meaning Ac Academic Co Company Com Commercial Edu Educational Gov Government Mil Military Net Large Internet Service Provider org Non – Profit organization Internet: Some Common Abbreviations for the type of organization
- 29. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 29 World Wide Web(3W) Internet: The Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of text documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, usually accessed by Web browsers from Web servers Web Page HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1] HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. The HTTP protocol is designed to permit intermediate network elements to improve or enable communications between clients and servers. A web page or webpage is a document or information resource that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a monitor or mobile device. This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format
- 30. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 30 Web Site Internet: is a set of related web pages containing content (media), including text, video, music, audio, images, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.
- 31. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 31 Internet: Most Common Types of Internet Connections The most common forms of internet connections are the DSL, Analogue (dial- up), Satellite and Cable. Dial-Up connections - To 'Dial-up' you will need a phone-line, modem, and ISP. A few US ISP's include AOL, NetZero, Juno, and others. They operate at speeds of 14.4Kbit, 28.8Kbit, or 56Kbit download. A dial-up connection is a fixed Internet connection that uses a voice band modem and telephone lines to transport data between your computer and your ISP
- 32. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 32 DSL – (Digital Subscriber Line.) Internet: is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines. It is one of the fastest Internet connections that’s affordable to individual consumers. A DSL modem plugs into your computer’s USB or Ethernet port. DSL Equipment
- 33. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 33 Internet: Cable - Cable internet is connected through the coaxial cables that you would normally use for cable TV. It is very fast,
- 34. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 34 Wireless Internet Connections Wireless broadband (Wireless Internet Connections ). Instead of using cable networks for your Internet connection, WIC uses radio frequency . Wireless Internet can be accessed from anywhere as long as your WIFI adaptor is located within a network coverage area. It also provides an always-on connection and it is still considered to be relatively new. Internet:
- 35. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 35 Satellite Internet: IoS(Internet over Satellite) allows a user to access the Internet via a geostationary satellite that orbits the earth A geostationary satellite is a type of satellite placed at a fixed position above the earth's surface. Because of the large distances between home and satellite, signals must travel from the earth up to the satellite and back again
- 37. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 37 Internet Explorer Basics Internet: Information on the internet is mainly accessed using browsers like Microsoft internet exp 1) Title bar – displays the name of the web page that is currently accessed. 2) Menu bar – contains drop – down menus, which are used for different purp 3) Program Icon – is the Microsoft internet explorer sign, which is animated while downloading a page. 1) Standard toolbar – contains shortcuts to most frequently used menus. 5) Address bar – is used to type the address (URL) of a site it also displays the addres the page that is currently browsed 6) Status bar – shows what the browser is currently doing. 7) Body of the document – a place where you access the information
- 39. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 39 Internet: Search Engine Are used for searching the internet for information or pictures. For example, you may need to find information about surfing the internet safely. All you need to do is to go to the engine and give a keyword of the topic you are interested in finding information for For example Google,
- 42. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 42 Basic Search Queries Simple queries involve you specifying a keyword or multiple keywords. The more specific you can be the better choosing words carefully Search by Keyword Keyword searching is popular where you are looking for specific information. As an example, let say you want to find out when the war of Adwa took place. The key words could be “war” and “Adwa” Keywords and the AND/OR operator Example 1 War and Adwa Internet: What is Internet?
- 43. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 43 This will restrict the search so that the two keywords (war and Adwa) must occur in each returned article. Example 2 Car or automobile The search engine will display information that match either of the two keywords ( car or automobile) Internet:
- 44. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 44 By phrase (“ ”) Putting quotes around a set of words will only find results that match the words in the exact sequence. Example - “Vegetation in Ethiopia” Using A NOT operator Combining search items with the NOT operator narrows a search by excluding unwanted items Example - Gambling not Lottery Cats not Dogs Internet:
- 45. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 45 E-mail Internet: E-mail is a way of sending messages between users over the internet. Each user must have an e-mail address. E-mail provides a fast, cheap and convenient means of sending and receiving messages between individuals and groups. An e-mail Address There are three elements A user Identifier Usually known as sign in name, user name and login name, etc… A separator character @ (at sign) A site name or domain name
- 46. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 46 Ayele.abera – User identifier (user name) @ - separator character Telecome.net.et – the e-mail service provider Internet: USER IDs AND PASSWORDS User IDs and passwords are designed to provide access to authorized users and prevent unauthorized access. User ID: series of characters (letters and numbers) that becomes a person’s unique identifier. Password: different series of characters that verifies the UserID, like the PIN (personal identification number) verifies your identity at your cellphone User ID: representative word for the user and easy to remember for those that you will share (e.g. email address should be representative of your name) E.g Jhon@gmail.com smith@yahoo.com Jhon@hotmail.com
- 47. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 47 Password: Try to use both numbers and letters; Select a password that is a sequence of characters that you can remember but is difficult for someone else to guess; Change your password if you are assigned a “starter” password or you think someone discovered it Choose your own credentials - TIPS Password: Do NOT select a password that can be found in a dictionary; Do NOT use your name, nickname, social security number, birth date or name of a close relative; Do NOT write your password where it is easy to find (e.g. under the keyboard is the first place that a password thie will look) Internet:
- 48. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 48 Internet: Self Check 1) What is internet? 2) What are the services of internet? 3) What is e-mail and the use of e-mail? 4) What are the components of (hardware and software) required for internet connection? 5) What is search engine? Give some examples of search engine?
- 49. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 49 1. Which of the following is not a browser name? a. Firefox b. Internet Explorer c. Adventurer d. Chrome Self Check Internet: 2. What does DSL mean? a. Digital Signal Logic b. Darn Speedy Linkup c. DOS Storage Locator d. Digital Subscriber Line debbii 3. Where was the World Wide Web started? a. In the United States debbii b. In Zimbabwe c. In Switzerland d. Moscow, Russia
- 50. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 50 4. What type of Web site would use the extension .com? Internet: a. Common b. Computer c. Commercial d. Command 5. To access the Internet, you need _____. a. A CPU b. Hypertext transfer protocol c. A digital subscriber line d. An internet service provider debbii 6. What is a modem? a. A shortcut stored in your browser that takes you directly to a webpage b. Hardware or software that protects a computer or network from intruders c. A software program that lets you surf the web and interact with web sites d. A device that lets your computer send and receive data from other compu
- 51. Equipped by Instr Abenezer.A 51 Thank you for your attention!!!