install and manage network protocols.pptx
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The document provides an overview of network protocols, detailing their definitions, types, functions, and key elements such as syntax, semantics, and timing. It categorizes protocols into standard and proprietary types, explains their roles in communication, network management, and security, and lists commonly used protocols like TCP, IP, HTTP, and FTP. Additionally, it discusses the implementation levels and functionalities of protocols in enabling reliable data transmission across networks.
install and manage network protocols.pptx
- 1. Addis ababa medical and business college Department of information technology ITNS Level III unit of competence install and manage network protocols Email:- jaletosunkemo2019@gmail.com
- 2. At the end of this module the trianee will able to know:- • basic concept of protocol • network protocol and their function • how protocol is work • protocols and port number • purpose of network protocol • HTTP,HTTPS,FTP,IP,ICMP,POP3 and etc by jaleto S. 2 LO1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK PROTOCOL
- 3. basic concept of network protocol • A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network. • Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design. by jaleto S. 3 LO1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK PROTOCOL
- 4. CONT... • a protocol is a standardized set of rules for formatting and processing data. Protocols enable computers to communicate with one another. • Network protocols are a set of rules, conventions, and data structures that dictate how devices exchange data across networks. • Network Protocols are a set of rules governing exchange of information in an easy, reliable and secure way. • In order for two computers to talk to each other, they must be speaking the same language. by jaleto S. 4
- 5. List of Network Protocols • There are thousands of different network protocols, but they all perform one of three primary actions: – Communication – Network Management – Security by jaleto S. 5
- 6. Communication • Communication protocols allow different network devices to communicate with each other. They are used in both analog and digital communications and can be used for important processes, ranging from transferring files between devices to accessing the internet. • Common types of communication protocols include the following: • Automation: These protocols are used to automate different processes in both commercial and personal settings, such as in smart buildings, cloud technology or self-driving vehicles. • Instant messaging: Instantaneous, text-based communications on smartphones and computers occur because of a number of different instant messaging network protocols. • Routing: Routing protocols permit communication between routers and other network devices. There are also routing protocols specifically for ad hoc networks. • Bluetooth: Ever-popular Bluetooth devices — including headsets, smartphones and computers — work due to a variety of different Bluetooth protocols. • File transfer: If you have ever moved files from one device to another, either via a physical or digital medium, you’ve used file transfer protocols (FTP). • Internet Protocol: Internet Protocol (IP) allows data to be sent between devices via the internet. The internet could not operate as it currently does without IP. by jaleto S. 6
- 7. Network management • protocols define and describe the various procedures needed to effectively operate a computer network. These protocols affect various devices on a single network — including computers, routers and servers — to ensure each one, and the network as a whole, perform optimally. • The functions of network management protocols include the following: • Connection: These protocols establish and maintain stable connections between different devices on the same network. • Link aggregation: Link aggregation protocols allow you to combine multiple network connections into one link between two devices. This works to increase the strength of the connection and helps sustain the connection should one of the links fail. • Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting protocols allow network administrators to identify errors affecting the network, evaluate the quality of the network connection, and determine how administrators can fix any issues. by jaleto S. 7
- 8. Security • Security protocols, also called cryptographic protocols, work to ensure that the network and the data sent over it are protected from unauthorized users. • Common functions of security network protocols include the following: • Encryption: Encryption protocols protect data and secure areas by requiring users to input a secret key or password in order to access that information. • Entity Authentication: Entity authentication protocols create a system that requires different devices or users on a network to verify their identity before accessing secure areas. • Transportation: Transportation security protocols protect data while it is transported from one network device to another. by jaleto S. 8
- 9. Here are a few examples of the most commonly used network protocols: • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): This Internet Protocol defines how data is transmitted over the internet and determines how web servers and browsers should respond to commands. This protocol (or its secure counterpart, HTTPS) appears at the beginning of various URLs or web addresses online. • Secure Socket Shell (SSH): This protocol provides secure access to a computer, even if it’s on an unsecured network. SSH is particularly useful for network administrators who need to manage different systems remotely. • Short Message Service (SMS): This communications protocol was created to send and receive text messages over cellular networks. SMS refers exclusively to text-based messages. Pictures, videos or other media require Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), an extension of the SMS protocol. by jaleto S. 9
- 10. Cont… • Protocols • Protocols are a fundamental aspect of digital communication as they dictate how to format, transmit and receive data. They are a set of rules that determines how the data will be transmitted over the network. • It can also be defined as a communication standard followed by the two key parties(sender and receiver) in a computer network to communicate with each other. • It specifies what type of data can be transmitted, what commands are used to send and receive data, and how data transfers are confirmed. by jaleto S. 10
- 11. How to implement network protocols • In order for network protocols to work, they must be coded within software -- either as part of the computer's operating system (OS) or as an application -- or implemented within the computer's hardware. Most modern OSes possess built-in software services that are prepared to implement some network protocols. Other applications, such as web browsers, are designed with software libraries that support the protocols necessary for the application to function. In addition, TCP/IP and routing protocol support is implemented in direct hardware for enhanced performance. • Whenever a new protocol is implemented, it is added to the protocol suite. The organization of protocol suites is considered to be monolithic since all protocols are stored in the same address and build on top of one another. by jaleto S. 11
- 12. Levels of a Protocol • There are mainly three levels of a protocol, they are as follows: • Hardware Level: In this level, the protocol enables the hardware devices to connect and communicate with each other for various purposes. • Software Level: In the software level, the protocol enables different software to connect and communicate with each other to work collaboratively. • Application Level: In this level, the protocol enables the application programs to connect and communicate with each other for various purposes. by jaleto S. 12
- 13. Types of Protocols • Protocols can be broadly divided into the following two types: – Standard Protocols – Proprietary Protocols by jaleto S. 13
- 14. Standard Protocols • A standard protocol is a mandated protocol for all devices. It supports multiple devices and acts as a standard. • Standard protocols are not vendor-specific i.e. they are not specific to a particular company or organization. They are developed by a group of experts from different organizations​ . • These protocols are publicly available, and we need not pay for them. • Some of the examples of Standard Protocols are FTP, DNS, DHCP, SMTP, TELNET, TFTP, etc. by jaleto S. 14
- 15. Proprietary Protocols • Proprietary protocols are developed by an individual organization for their specific devices. We have to take permission from the organization if we want to use their protocols. • It is not a standard protocol and it supports only specific devices. We may have to pay for these protocols. • Some of the examples of Proprietary Protocols are IMessage, Apple Talk, etc. by jaleto S. 15
- 16. Key Elements of protocols • The key elements of the protocol determine what to be communicated, how it is communicated, and when it is communicated. • There are mainly three key elements of a protocol, they are as follows: – Syntax – Semantics – Timing by jaleto S. 16
- 17. Syntax • Syntax refers to the structure or format of data and signal levels. It indicates how to read the data in the form of bits or fields. It also decides the order in which the data is presented to the receiver. • Example: A protocol might expect that the size of a data packet will be 16 bits. In which, the first 4 bits are the sender’s address, the next 4 bits are the receiver’s address, the next 4 bits are the check-sum bits, and the last 4 bits will contain the message. So, every communication that is following that protocol should send 16-bit data. by jaleto S. 17
- 18. Semantics​ • Semantics refers to the interpretation or meaning of each section of bits or fields. It specifies which field defines what action. It defines how a particular section of bits or pattern can be interpreted, and what action needs to be taken. It includes control information for coordination and error handling. • Example: It interprets whether the bits of address identify the route to be taken or the final destination of the message or something else. by jaleto S. 18
- 19. Timing • Timing refers to two characteristics: – when the data should be sent? – what will be the speed of sending and receiving the data? • It performs speed matching, sequencing and flow control of the data items. • Example: A sender can send the data at a speed of 100 Mbps, but the receiver can consume it only at a speed of 20 Mbps, then there may be data losses or the packets might get dropped. So, proper synchronization must be there between a sender and a receiver. by jaleto S. 19
- 20. Functions of protocols • The Following are the main functionalities of a protocol: • Data Sequencing​: It mainly refers to dive data into packets i.e. it divided the whole data into some packets. • Data Flow​: It mainly deals with sending data to the correct destination i.e. the flow of the data is correct or not. • Data Routing​: It refers to select the best path for data transmission between a sender and a receiver because there can be many routes from sender to receiver and you should select the best possible route. by jaleto S. 20
- 21. Cont… • Encapsulation​: It refers to the process of taking one protocol and transferring it to some other another protocol. • Segmentation & Reassembly​: It deals with segmenting the data message i.e. diving the data into packets when data flows from the upper protocol layer to lower, and reassembly is vice-versa of segmentation i.e. all the segmented packets are recollected in the correct order at the receiver side. • Connection Control​: It ensures connection oriented data transfer for lengthy data items. by jaleto S. 21
- 22. cont... • Multiplexing​:​ It allows combining multiple transmission unit signals or channels of higher-level protocols in one transmission unit of a lower-level protocol. Multiplexing can be upward or downward. • Ordered Delivery​:​ Protocol facilitates ordered delivery of data, by providing a unique sequence number to each data packet. It is the function of the sender to maintain ordered delivery. By doing so, the receiver will receive the data in the same order as sent by the sender. • Transmission Services​: ​It mainly deals with priority, Quality of Service (QoS), and security of data packets. • Addressing​:​ It mainly deals with addressing levels, addressing scope, communication identifiers, and addressing modes. • Flow Control​:​ It facilitates to limit the flow of data. It is the function of the receiver's end to maintain flow control of data. by jaleto S. 22
- 23. cont... • Error Control​: It deals with error detection (using the checksum bits) and its control. If any error is detected during the transmission of the data, a request for retransmission of data is sent to the sender by the receiver, and the corrupt data packet is discarded. by jaleto S. 23
- 24. There are various types of protocols that support a major and compassionate role in communicating with different devices across the network. These are: • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Internet Protocol (IP) • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • Post office Protocol (POP) • Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) • Telnet • Gopher • NAT by jaleto S. 24
- 25. Cont… • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination. • Internet Protocol (IP): An IP is an internet protocol address. Essentially, it is a numeric value assigned to a network device, and it is used for the identification and location of a network device. IP addresses are assigned to every type of network device. • IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. • TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks. by jaleto S. 25
- 26. Cont.. • User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss- tolerating and low-latency linking between different applications. • Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails. • Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-Mail. • File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another. Types of files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, etc. by jaleto S. 26
- 27. Cont… • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is designed for transferring a hypertext among two or more systems. HTML tags are used for creating links. These links may be in any form like text or images. – HTTP is designed on Client-server principles which allow a client system for establishing a connection with the server machine for making a request. – The server acknowledges the request initiated by the client and responds accordingly. • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): HTTPS is abbreviated as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure is a standard protocol to secure the communication among two computers one using the browser and other fetching data from web server. – HTTP is used for transferring data between the client browser (request) and the web server (response) in the hypertext format, same in case of HTTPS except that the transferring of data is done in an encrypted format. – So it can be said that https thwart hackers from interpretation or modification of data throughout the transfer of packets. by jaleto S. 27
- 28. Cont… • Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules designed for connecting one system with another. The connecting process here is termed as remote login. – The system which requests for connection is the local computer, and the system which accepts the connection is the remote computer. • Gopher: Gopher is a collection of rules implemented for searching, retrieving as well as displaying documents from isolated sites. – Gopher also works on the client/server principle. by jaleto S. 28
- 29. cont... • NAT (network adress translation)is a method that enables hosts on private networks to communicate with hosts on the Internet • NAT is run on routers that connect private networks to the public Internet, to replace the IP address-port pair of an IP packet with another IP address-port pair. by jaleto S. 29
- 30. Cont… • some other popular protocols act as co-functioning protocols associated with these primary protocols for core functioning. These are: • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) • IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol) • SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) • RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) • RLP (Resource Location Protocol) • RAP (Route Access Protocol) • L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol) • PPTP (Point To Point Tunneling Protocol) • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) by jaleto S. 30
- 31. cont... • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – is a procedure for mapping a dynamic IP address to a permanent physical machine address in a local area network (LAN). Or IP into MAC • (RARP) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol a physical machine in a local area network (LAN) can use to request its IP address. – It does this by sending the device's physical address to a specialized RARP server that is on the same LAN and is actively listening for RARP requests. • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. • NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) is a network service that enables applications on different computers to communicate with each other by jaleto S. 31
- 32. Cont.. • IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a protocol for real-time text messaging between internet- connected computers created in 1988. • It is mainly used for group discussion in chat rooms called “channels” although it supports private messages between two users, data transfer, and various server-side and client-side commands. by jaleto S. 32
- 33. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) • BGP:- version 4 is widely used on the public internet and by Internet Service Providers (ISP) to maintain very large routing tables and traffic processing. BGP is one of the few protocols that have been designed to deal with the astronomically large routing tables that must exist on the public Internet. • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a Transport Layer protocol. UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. • RDP:- – It enables you to establish a connection with a remote computer. by jaleto S. 33
- 34. SSL • The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation. • SSL ensures the data that is transferred between a client and a server remains private. This protocol enables the client to authenticate the identity of the server by jaleto S. 34
- 35. What is protocol port • A port in networking is a software-defined number associated to a network protocol that receives or transmits communication for a specific service. • A port in computer hardware is a jack or socket that peripheral hardware plugs into by jaleto S. 35
- 36. Some protocols within their ports Protocol service name Port numbers File Transfer Protocol (FTP 20 and 21 Secure Shell (SSH) 22 Telnet 23 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 25 Domain Name System (DNS) 53 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 69 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 67 and 68 IRC 194 by jaleto S. 36
- 37. cont... Protocol service name Port numbers HTTPS 443 POP3 110 Network Time Protocol (NTP) 123 NetBIOS 137/138/139 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) 143 by jaleto S. 37
- 38. THE END OF LO1 ANY QUESTION by jaleto S. 38