Operating systems

STID1103 Computer Applications in Management
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 14
1
Topic Three
Operating Systems

Objectives Overview
Define system
software and identify
the two types of
system software
Describe the
functions of an
operating system
Summarize the
startup process on a
personal computer
Summarize the
features of several
stand-alone operating
systems
Briefly describe
various server
operating systems
Summarize the
features of several
embedded operating
systems
Explain the purpose
of several utility
programs
Chapter 8
2See Page 397
for Detailed Objectives

System Software X
• System software consists of the programs that control or
maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Chapter 8
3Page 398
Operating
systems
Utility Programs

Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware resources
Chapter 8
4Pages 398 - 399
Start and shut
down a
computer
Provide a user
interface
Manage
programs
Manage
memory
Coordinate
tasks
Configure
devices
Establish an
Internet
connection
Monitor
performance
Provide
utilities
Automatically
update
Control a
network
Administer
security

Operating Systems
Chapter 8
5Pages 398 – 399
Figure 8-1

Operating System Functions
• The process of starting or restarting a computer is called
booting
Chapter 8
6Page 400
Figure 8-2
Cold boot
• Turning on
a computer
that has
been
powered off
completely
Warm boot
• Using the
operating
system to
restart a
computer

A boot drive is the drive from which your computer starts
• You can boot from a boot disk
• A recovery disk contains a few system files that will
start the computer
Chapter 8
7Page 402

• An operating system includes various shut down options
Chapter 8
8Page 402
Sleep mode saves any open
documents and programs to
RAM, turns off all unneeded
functions, and then places the
computer in a low-power state
Hibernate saves any open
documents and programs to a
hard disk before removing
power from the computer

Operating System Functions X
• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
Chapter 8
9Pages 402 – 403
Figure 8-4

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard
to enter data and instructions
Chapter 8
10Page 403
Figure 8-5

• How an operating system handles programs directly
affects your productivity
Chapter 8
11Pages 404 - 405
Single user and
multiuser
Single tasking
and multitasking
Foreground and
background
Preemptive
multitasking
Multiprocessing

Chapter 8
12Page 404
Figure 8-6

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM
Chapter 8
13Page 406
Figure 8-8

• The operating system determines the order in which
tasks are processed
Chapter 8
14Page 407
Figure 8-9

Chapter 8
15Page 408

Operating systems typically provide a means to establish
Internet connections
Chapter 8
16Page 408
Figure 8-10

A performance monitor is a program that assesses and
reports information about various computer resources and
devices
Chapter 8
17Pages 408 – 409
Figure 8-11

Operating systems often provide users with the capability
of:
Chapter 8
18Page 409
Managing files
Searching for
files
Viewing
images
Securing a
computer
Uninstalling
programs
Cleaning up
disks
Defragmenting
disks
Diagnosing
problems
Backing up
files and disks
Setting up
screen savers

Automatic update automatically provides updates to the
program
Chapter 8
19Page 409
Figure 8-12

• Some operating systems
are designed to work
with a server on a
network
• A server operating
system organizes and
coordinates how
multiple users access
and share resources on
a network
• A network
administrator uses the
server operating system
to:
– Add and remove users,
computers, and other
devices
– Install software and
administer network
security
Chapter 8
20Page 410

• Each user has a user
account
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name
Chapter 8
21Page 410
Figure 8-13

Types of Operating Systems
Chapter 8
22Page 412
Figure 8-14

Stand-Alone Operating Systems X
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating
system that works on a desktop computer, notebook
computer, or mobile computing device
Chapter 8
23Page 412
Windows
8
Mac OS X
UNIX Linux

Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• Windows 8, the successor to Windows 7, was released to
the market on 26 October 2012.
• Windows 8 has been designed to be used on both tablets
and the conventional PC.
• The Microsoft Surface tablet was released alongside
Windows 8, as a competitor to the Apple iPad and
Samsung Galaxy Tab.
Chapter 8
24

Chapter 8
25
Windows 8 Release Preview

Chapter 8
26Page 414
Figures 8-16 – 8-17
From Windows 1 to Windows 8

• The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for
operating system ease of use
• Latest version is Mac OS X Mountain Lion
Chapter 8
27Page 415
Figure 8-19

28

How many Mac user?
• W3Counter’s latest Global Web Stats, published in May 2010,
report that the Mac OS X operating system has a 7.83%
market share.
• According to Forrester Research, there are about 1.2 billion
personal computers in use
• The Mac user population is currently about 93.96 million.
• In three years, the number of Mac users has nearly doubled.
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 29

UNIX is a multitasking operating
system developed in the early
1970s
Linux is an open-source, popular,
multitasking UNIX-type operating
system
Chapter 8
30Pages 416 – 417
Figures 8-20 – 8-21

OS User Statistic
Chapter 8
31

Chrome Operating System
• Google is creating its own operating system called
Chrome OS.
• An open source, lightweight operating system that will
initially be targeted at netbooks.
Chapter 8
32

Server Operating Systems
Windows Server
2008
UNIX Linux
Solaris NetWare
Chapter 8
33Pages 417 - 418

Windows Server Operating Systems
• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows
Server 2003
– Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
– Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization
technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
resources
Chapter 8
34Pages 417 - 418

UNIX Operating Systems
• UNIX is a computer operating system originally
developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell
Labs
• Unix was designed to be portable, multi-tasking and
multi-user in a time-sharing configuration
• Widely used in servers, workstations, and mobile devices
Chapter 8
35

UNIX Operating Systems
Chapter 8
36

Linux Operating Systems
• Linux refers to Unix-like open source of computer operating
systems
• Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer
hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and
video game consoles to mainframes and supercomputers.
Chapter 8
37

Linux Operating Systems
• Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10
fastest supercomputers in the world
• Use of Linux by end-users or consumers has increased in
recent years, partly owing to:
– the popular Ubuntu, Fedora, and openSUSE distributions and
– the emergence of netbooks with pre-installed Linux systems and
smartphones running embedded Linux.[13][14]
Chapter 8
38

Solaris Operating Systems
• Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by
Sun Microsystems.
• It superseded their earlier SunOS in 1992.
• Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has been owned by
Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in
January 2010
Chapter 8
39

Solaris Operating Systems
Chapter 8
40

Embedded Operating Systems X
• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip
on a mobile device or consumer electronic device
Chapter 8
41Pages 418 - 420
Windows
Embedded CE
Windows
Mobile
Palm OS iPhone OS
BlackBerry
Google
Android
Embedded
Linux
Symbian OS

Embedded Operating Systems
Chapter 8
42

Chapter 8
43

Chapter 8
44Pages 419 – 421
Figures 8-22 – 8-26

Utility Programs
• A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the
capability of improving
a computer’s
performance
Chapter 8
45Page 428
Figure 8-40

Utility Programs
Chapter 8
46Page 425
Figures 8-34 – 8-35
Top 10 Utilities Software

Computer Virus
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program
that affects a computer negatively
A worm copies
itself repeatedly in
memory or over a
network
A Trojan horse
hides within or
looks like a
legitimate
program
An antivirus
program protects
a computer
against viruses
Chapter 8
47Pages 425 - 426

Symptoms Computer Virus
• An infected computer has one or more of the following
symptoms:
Chapter 11
48Pages 558 - 559
Operating system
runs much slower
than usual
Available memory
is less than
expected
Files become
corrupted
Screen displays
unusual message
or image
Music or unusual
sound plays
randomly
Existing programs
and files disappear
Programs or files
do not work
properly
Unknown
programs or files
mysteriously
appear
System properties
change
Operating system
does not start up
Operating system
shuts down
unexpectedly

Antivirus Software
The Top Ten Anti Virus Software
Chapter 11
49

Utility Programs
Spyware is a program placed on
a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects
and deletes spyware and
other similar programs
Adware displays an online
advertisement in a banner or
pop-up window
• An adware remover is a
program that detects and
deletes adware
Chapter 8
50Page 426

Utility Programs
• Filters are programs that remove or block certain items
from being displayed
Chapter 8
51Pages 426 - 427
Web filters Anti-spam programs
Phishing filters Pop-up blockers

Utility Programs
• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)
– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed
Chapter 8
52Page 427

Utility Programs
• A media player allows you to view images and animation,
listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer
Chapter 8
53Page 427
Figure 8-38

Utility Programs
• Disc burning software
writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files
on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc
Chapter 8
54Page 428
Figure 8-39

Operating systems

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Operating systems