W2 q3-function-of-operating-system (2)

Chapter 9
Operating Systems
Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Objectives Overview
Define an operating system
Describe the start-up
process and shutdown
options on computers and
mobile devices
Explain how an operating
system provides a user
interface, manages
programs, manages
memory, and coordinates
tasks
Describe how an operating
system enables users to
configure devices, establish
an Internet connection, and
monitor performance
Identify file management
and other tools included
with an operating system,
along with ways to update
operating system software
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 2See Page 378
for Detailed Objectives

Objectives Overview
Explain how an
operating system
enables users to control
a network or administer
security
Summarize the features
of several desktop
operating systems
Briefly describe various
server operating
systems
Summarize the features
and uses of several
mobile operating
systems
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 3See Page 378
for Detailed Objectives

Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer and mobile device hardware
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 4Page 378
Start and shut down
a computer or
mobile device
Provide a user
interface
Manage programs Manage memory
Coordinate tasks Configure devices
Establish an
Internet connection
Monitor
performance
Provide file
management and
other device or
media-related tasks
Updating operating
system software
Control a network Administer security

Operating Systems
Figure 9-1

Operating System Functions
• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices
– If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on
Figure 9-2

• An operating system includes various power
options
Sleep mode saves any open
documents running programs
or apps to memory, turns off
all unneeded functions, and
then places the computer in a
low-power state
Hibernate saves any open
documents and running
programs or apps to an
internal hard drive before
removing power from the
computer or device

• A user interface
(UI) controls how
you enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
8Pages 381 – 382
Figure 9-3

• In a command-line interface, a user types
commands represented by short keywords or
abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions
Figure 9-4

• How an operating system handles programs
directly affects your productivity
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 10Pages 383 - 384
Single tasking
and
multitasking
Foreground
and
background
Single user
and multiuser

Figure 9-5

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer
or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM
Figure 9-8

• The operating system determines the order in
which tasks are processed
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 13Pages 386 – 387
Figure 9-9

• Operating systems typically provide a means to
establish Internet connections
Figure 9-10

• A performance monitor is a program that
assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices
Figure 9-11

• Operating systems often provide users with a
variety of tools related to managing a computer,
its devices, or its programs
File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup
Disk
Defragmenter
Screen Saver
File
Compression
PC
Maintenance
Backup and
Restore

• Automatic update automatically provides new
features or corrections to the program
Figure 9-12

• Some operating systems
are designed to work
with a server on a
network
• These multiuser
operating systems allow
multiple users to share
a printer, Internet
access, files, and
programs
• A network
administrator uses the
server operating system
to:
– Add and remove users,
computers, and other
devices
– Configure the network,
install software and
administer network
security
19Page 391

• A user account enables
a use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name
20Page 392
Figure 9-13

Types of Operating Systems
Table 9-2

Desktop Operating Systems
• A desktop operating system is a complete
operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets
Windows Mac OS UNIX
Linux
Chrome
OS

• Windows 8 offers these features:
– Start screen interface with tiles
– Includes the desktop interface
– Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
– Email app, calendar app, and browser included
– Photos, files, and settings you can sync with SkyDrive
– Enhanced security through an antivirus program,
firewall, and automatic updates
– Windows Store offers additional applications for
purchase

• The Macintosh operating system has earned a
reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 26Pages 397 – 398
Figures 9-14 – 9-15

• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system
designed to work primarily with web apps
Figure 9-16

Server Operating Systems
Windows
Server
OS X
Server
UNIX Linux
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 28Pages 399 - 400

Mobile Operating Systems
• The operating system on mobile devices and
many consumer electronics is called a mobile
operating system and resides on firmware
Android iOS
Windows
Phone

• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating
system designed by
Google for smartphones
and tablets
30Page 401
Figure 9-17

• iOS, developed by
Apple, is a proprietary
mobile operating
system specifically
made for Apple’s
mobile devices
31Page 402
Figure 9-18

• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones
32Page 402
Figure 9-19

Summary
Functions common to
most operating systems
Variety of desktop
operating systems,
server operating
systems, and mobile
operating systems

Chapter 9
Operating Systems
Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet
Week 2-Q3

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