Operating Systems PPTX for explaining perating system
- 1. Operating Systems Presentation by Sheikh Iyad Bachelors in Computer Science (1st Semester) Submitted to: Mrs. Shafiya Ma’am an introduction and overview on the Backbone of Modern Computing
- 2. Introduction to Operating System • An Operating System (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system. • The operating System comes with a large number of device drivers that make OS services reachable to the hardware environment. Each and every application present in the system requires the Operating System.
- 3. Functions of an Operating System The main functions of an Operating System are as follows: • Resource Management • Process Management • Memory Management • File Management • Device Management • User Interface
- 4. Resource Management • Resource Management in Operating System is the process to manage all the resources efficiently like CPU, memory, input/output devices, and other hardware resources among the various programs and processes running in the computer. • Resource management is an important thing because resources of a computer are limited and multiple processes or users may require access to the same resources like CPU, memory etc. at the same time. The operating system has to manage and ensure that all processes get the resources they need to execute, without any problems like deadlocks.
- 5. Process Management • Process management is a key part of an operating system. It controls how processes are carried out, and controls how your computer runs by handling the active processes. • A process in memory is divided into several distinct sections, each serving a different purpose. Here’s how a process typically looks on the right hand side image.
- 6. Memory Management • The term memory can be defined as a collection of data in a specific format. It is used to store instructions and process data. The memory comprises a large array or group of words or bytes, each with its own location. • The CPU fetches instructions from memory according to the value of the program counter.
- 7. Device Management • The process of implementation, operation, and maintenance of a device by an operating system is called device management. • An operating system is responsible for successfully establishing the connection between these devices and the system. • The operating system uses the concept of drivers to establish a connection between these devices with the system.
- 8. User Interface • The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device. This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop. • There are two types of UI: CLI and GUI • A text-based user interface (see the image to the left) displays text, and its commands are usually typed on a command line using a keyboard. With a graphical user interface (see the right- hand image), the functions are carried out by clicking or moving buttons, icons and menus by means of a pointing device.
- 9. Types of Operating System Some of the most commonly used types of OS are listed below: • Single-User Operating Systems • Time-sharing Operating System • Distributed Operating System • Embedded Operating Systems • Real-time Operating System
- 10. Single-User Operating Systems • A single-user operating system (OS) is designed for one user to use at a time. • It's typically found on personal computers and is intended to meet the needs of a single user. • Some examples of single-user operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux when used as a desktop system. • A mobile phone is an example of a single-user, single-application operating system. Only one user can use the phone at a time, and they can only use one application at a time.
- 11. Time-sharing Operating System • A time-shared operating system uses CPU scheduling and multi- programming to provide each user with a small portion of a shared computer at once. • A program is loaded into memory and executes, it performs a short period of time either before completion or to complete I/O. • To achieve a good response time, jobs may have to swap in and out of disk from the main memory which now serves as a backing store for the main memory.
- 12. Distributed Operating System • A Distributed Operating System refers to a model in which applications run on multiple interconnected computers, offering enhanced communication and integration capabilities compared to a network operating system. • In a Distributed Operating System, multiple CPUs are utilized, but for end- users, it appears as a typical centralized operating system. It enables the sharing of various resources such as CPUs, disks, network interfaces, nodes, and computers across different sites, thereby expanding the available data within the entire system.
- 13. Real-time Operating System • Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used in environments where a large number of events, mostly external to the computer system, must be accepted and processed in a short time or within certain deadlines. such applications are industrial control, telephone switching equipment, flight control, and real-time simulations. • Unlike general-purpose operating systems (GPOS) like Windows or Linux, which are good at multitasking and handling various applications, a real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to manage time-sensitive tasks precisely.
- 14. Operating System Architecture An operating system architecture refers to the fundamental structure and design principles of an operating system. It describes how the system manages hardware, memory, processes, and communication. It also manages the interaction between software and hardware components
- 15. 32-bit Operating System • Most computers made in the 1990s and early 2000s were 32-bit machines. • One bit in the register can reference an individual byte in memory, so a 32-bit system can address a maximum of 4 GB (4,294,967,296 bytes) of RAM. • Multitasking in a 32-bit OS is slow and less effective.
- 16. 64-bit Operating System • A 64-bit register can theoretically reference 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 bytes or 17,179,869,184 GB (16 exabytes) of memory. • A 64-bit computer (which means it has a 64-bit processor) can access more than 4 GB of RAM. • Using 64-bit one can do a lot of multi-tasking, the user can easily switch between various applications without any Windows hanging problems.
- 17. Conclusion and Future Trends As technology evolves, operating systems continue to advance, incorporating innovations like virtualization, cloud computing, and AI integration. These advancements drive efficiency, scalability, and enhanced user experiences, shaping the future of computing. Staying ahead in understanding these trends is essential for leveraging the full potential of modern operating systems.