Optical Networks
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The document discusses the evolution and deployment of optical networks, highlighting the shift towards customer-empowered networks and new business applications that leverage this technology. It explains the advantages of optical networks, such as increased bandwidth capabilities and reduced costs, while addressing challenges in network management and provisioning. Additionally, it explores future possibilities, including automatic switched optical networks (ASON) and their role in enhancing connectivity and efficiency.
Optical Networks
- 1. Optical Networks • CS294-3: Distributed Service Architectures in Converged Networks • George Porter • Tal Lavian Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 2. Overview • Physical technology, devices • How are optical networks currently deployed? • Customer-empowered networks – New applications, ways of doing business – How does this change the “big picture”? – How do we do it? – What are the challenges? Payoffs? Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 3. Overview • Physical technology, devices • How are optical networks currently deployed? • Customer-empowered networks – New applications, ways of doing business – How does this change the “big picture”? – How do we do it? – What are the challenges? Payoffs? Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 4. Why optical? • Handle increase in IP traffic – Moore’s law doesn’t apply here – 1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps • Reduce cost of transmitting a bit – Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years • Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 5. Fiber capabilities/WDM • Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections • Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands • Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths • 1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec (Timeslots) (OC12,48,192) Wavelengths (Multi Tbps) Wavebands Fibers (100+) Cable Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 6. Internet Reality SONET Data Center Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley SONET SONET SONET DWD M DWD M Access Metro Long Haul Metro Access
- 7. Devices • Add/Drop multiplexer • Optical Cross Connect (OXC) – Tunable: no need to keep the same wavelength end-to-end – Switches lambdas from input to output port • For “transparent optical network”, wavelengths treated as opaque objects, with routing control brought out-of-band Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 8. Overview • Physical technology, devices • How are optical networks currently deployed? • Customer-empowered networks – New applications, ways of doing business – How does this change the “big picture”? – How do we do it? – What are the challenges? Payoffs? Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 9. Overview of SONET • Synchronous Optical Network • Good for aggregating small flows into a fat pipe • Electric endpoints, strong protection, troubleshooting functionality OC3 OC48 Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley OC48 SONET
- 10. Today’s provisioning • Anywhere between months to minutes – Semi-automatic schemes – Much like old-style telephone operator • The fact is there are tons of fibers underground, but they are not organized in a way where you can utilize their full potential Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 11. Drive to autoswitched network • Make the network intelligent • On-demand bandwidth to the edge of the network • New applications – Disaster Recovery – Distributed SAN – Data warehousing • Backup Bunkers (no more tapes) – Big Pipes on Demand • Download movies to movie theaters • Site replication – Optical VPN – Grid Computing Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 12. Overview • Physical technology, devices • How are optical networks currently deployed? • Customer-empowered networks – New applications, ways of doing business – How does this change the “big picture”? – How do we do it? – What are the challenges? Payoffs? Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 13. Customer empowered nets • Huge bandwidth to the enterprise – The curb – The house – The desktop • End hosts can submit requirements to the network, which can then configure itself to provide that service • Issues of APIs, costs, QoS Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 14. Changing the big picture • Now the converged network looks different • Dial-up bandwidth has huge implications • Pushing bandwidth to the edges of the network – Affects service placement, for example Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 15. Bandwidth at the edges • Services placed there (ServicePoP) • Need to connect services to customers and other services • Metro networks – Use of Ethernet as low cost/flexible mechanism • Eventually fibers to pcmcia?! Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 16. Protocol and Services on Edge Devices Internet Access Access Handle Protocol Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley New Services
- 17. ServicePoPs Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley • ServicePoPs act as intermediary between service provider and customer • Connectivity between ServicePoP and customer more important than provider to customer • Feature is very fast infrastructure
- 18. Metro networks • Interim step: services in servicePoPs • Tap into fast connections here for enterprises • Use of Ethernet as protocol to connect the enterprise to the MAN • Avoid need for last mile for certain applications/services Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 19. Amazon.com–vs-Amazon.co.uk • One site wants to do a software upgrade • Reserve 100Gbps for outage time • Send entire database over at outage time, reroute all customer requests to other site • When outage is over, transfer all data back to original site Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 20. Movie Distribution • Each movie theater in a large area (SF, New York, Houston) requests 1 hour of bandwidth a week (OC192) • All movies transferred during this time • Efficient use of expensive but necessary fat pipe Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 21. New type of businesses • Data warehousing: no more mailing tapes • Have tape vaults with gigabit connectivity • Data is sent optically to destination, where it is written to magnetic tape Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 22. How to do it • Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) • UNI: user-to-network interface as API to specify requirements, service requests • NNI: network-to-network interface acts as API between entities for service composition/path formation Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 23. How to do it • Interdomain? • Wavelength selection/routing • Exchange info – Connectivity – Wavelengths – Qos, bandwidth requirements – Switching instructions Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 24. Canarie’s approach • OBGP (Optical BGP) • Routers spawn “virtual BGP” processes that peers can connect to • By modifying BGP messages, lightpath information can be traded between ASes Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 25. OXC BGP OPEN OXC Virtual Router AS 123 AS 456 AS 123 BGP OPEN AS 456 BGP OPEN message sent to router with information about optical capabilities A virtual BGP process is spawned A BGP session is initiated independently with new BGP process The virtual process (running on the router) configures the OXC to switch the proper optical wavelengths 1) 2)
- 26. What is ASON? • The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability. • As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network. • As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup. • Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN) Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 27. Optical Network: Today vs. Tomorrow Applications Protection Topology Management - DS3 - STS-n - STS-nc - OC-48T, (OC-192T) - 1GE - (134Mb/s) - 140Mb/s - VC-4 - VC-4-nc - NUT - Extra Traffic - Broadcast - VC-4-nv - 10GE - Flexible i/f - Billing method (distance, time, bw, QoS) - Asymitric bw connections - Point-to-multipoint - sequential - 2F/4F BLSR - Matched Nodes - Head end ring prot. - NUT (non-preemptive unprotected traffic mixed with protected in ring/linear) - Unprotected (extra traffic) - Protection SW time - Clear P =60ms - With ET=160ms - MN = 250ms - Wider range of SLA capability - Path diversity verifiable - Scalable to large NW size - 2F/4F BLSR - Linear - 1+1 - 1:n - Path protection - Mesh - Port connectivity - unconstrained - arbitrary Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley - Provisioned path connection - Trail management across multiple rings - Multiple product - Auto discovery of NW configuration - Connection provisioning of paths over unconstrained line topology - No pre-provisioning of connections? - User signaling i/f for connection provisioning - Scalable to very large NW - Fast connection establishment <2s - Resource (bw) management and monitoring Additional SLA capability Mesh network Auto connection & resource mgnt Optimized IP application - current driver for transparent NW ASON value added Today Tomorrow
- 28. ASON Network Architecture OCC OCC OCC GHAT NE: Global High Capacity transport NE ASON: Automatic Switched Optical Network OCC: Optical Connection Controller IrDI: Inter Domain Interface Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley IrDI_NNI Clients e.g. IP, ATM, TDM IrDI Interfaces: UNI: User Network Interface CCI: Connection Control Interface NNI: ASON control Node Node Interface NNI OCC ASON control plane Integrated Management GHCT NE GHCT NE GHCT NE Transport Network Legacy Network Clients e.g. IP, ATM, TDM UNI User signaling CCI
- 29. ASON Layer Hierarchy Domain D Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley Network Layer Domain/Region Layer Conduit Layer Fiber Layer Fibers Conduit 1 Conduit 2 l Layer l1 ln Domain B Domain E Domain A Domain C Domain
- 30. Resilient packet ring (802.17) • Put lan on top of man • 50ms protection • Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 31. The Metro Bottleneck Other Sites Access Metro End User Access Metro Core Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley OC-192 DWDM n x l T1 DS1 DS3 Ethernet LAN LL/FR/ATM 1-40Meg OC-12 OC-48 IP/DATA 1GigE 1Gig+ 10GigE+
- 32. RPR - Expanding the LAN to the MAN/WAN LAN • Low Cost • Simplicity • Universality LAN in the MAN Paradigm Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley MAN/WAN Distributed Switch + • Scalability • Reach • Robustness • Low Cost • Simplicity • Universality
- 33. What is RPR? Ethernet networking on Optics (STS-Nc) Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley STS-N Envelope Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame
- 34. Scalable Bandwidth and Services OC-3 / 12 / 48 / 192 STS-N TDM STS-Nc Ethernet Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley VT’s VT’s VT’s VT’s 1000M 300M 80M 10M 500M 1M
- 35. Network & Customer Management •Customer Privacy through managed Virtual LANs (802.1Q tags) •Customer Agreements through flow attributes (802.1p prioritized queues and traffic policing) Customer Ethernet Ports Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 36. Move to optical • The key is to find a way to use the infrastructure that we have available in an efficient manner • What services are available? What can we do? • Challenges? Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- 37. The Future is Bright Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley