Optimization of TIG Welding Process Parameters With SS316 Material Using Taguchi Design

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 11 | Nov -2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 793
Optimization of TIG Welding Process Parameters With SS316 Material
Using Taguchi Design
Mr. Parmar Nikhil A.1, Mr. Rakesh H.Patel2
1Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sankalchand patel university,Gujarat, India
2Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sankalchand patel university,Gujarat, India
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Abstract - Tungsten Inert Gas welding is a popularmethod
for connecting ferrous and nonferrous metals. In which anon-
consumable tungsten electrode and workpiece form an arc,
while argon shields the molten metal from the atmosphere.
TIG welding will use to join 3 mm-thick SS316 sheets. Welding
current, gas flow rate, and front/back width are the
input/output parameters. The Taguchimethodrecommended
orthogonal array design to assign experiment factors. 9
Taguchi L9 orthogonal array experiments will design. ANOVA
and S/N ratio will use to optimize welding parameters. After
analysis, front and back width control factors are most
significant.
Keywords: Tig welding, Anova,Taguchimethod, Minitab,
Stainless Steel.
1. INTRODUCTION
Welding fuses metals or thermoplastics, unlike brazing and
soldering, which do not melt the base metal. This method is
employed in sculpture and manufacture. The weld pool is
formed by melting the base metal with filler material. The
pool cools and produces a connection that may be stronger
than the parent metal depending on the weld configuration
(butt, complete penetration, fillet, etc.). Pressure alone or
with heat can weld. Welding requires a barrier to prevent
filler metal or molten metal contamination or oxidation. A
welding junction is any point or edge that joins metal or
plastic parts. Their shape depends on the geometrysoldered
between metal orplastic work pieces.TheAmerican Welding
Society classifies joints as butt, corner, edge, lap, and tee.
These layouts can vary at the welding spot.
2. OBJECTIVE
1. 1. For this experiment, I have chosen a 3mm thick SS316
sheet material.
2. Using a L9 orthogonal array, the Taguchi method was
chosen.
3. Arrange for L9-Based Tig Welding Task
4. Locate the Welding Job's Output Parameters (Front
Width, Back Width)
5. Use this study to optimise the process parameters by
analysing their effect on the weld bead geometry.
3. TAGUCHI DESIGN
To improve process and product design, Taguchi is looking
for easily controllable factors and their settings that reduce
product response variability while maintaining a desired
mean response. Byadjusting thoseparameterstotheirsweet
spots, we may make the product more resistanttovariations
in both operating and environmental circumstances.
Removing the bed effect rather than the cause of the bed
effect allows for more stable and high-quality goods to be
obtained during the Taguchi parameter design stage. In
addition, the method can save money and eliminate wasted
goods by systematically applying it at the pre-production
stage (off line), which means fewer tests are needed to
determine cost-effective process conditions.
Fig-1: Pictorial views of Taguchi steps
4. SELECTION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS
After study the various research paper and we decide the
Input parameters
Factor A : Welding Current (A)
Factor B : Gas flow rate (LPM)

Parameter that remains constant
Work Piece Thickness
Output Parameter
Front width & Back width
Table-1: Process Parameter Level
Thickness Paramet
ers
L-1 L-2 L-3
3mm Welding
Current
70 80 90
Gas Flow
Rate
4 6 8
Table-2: Levels of the orthogonal array L9
Ex. No. Welding
Current
Gas Flow
Rate
Plate Thick
Ness
1. 70 4 3
2. 70 6 3
3. 70 8 3
4. 80 4 3
5. 80 6 3
6. 80 8 3
7. 90 4 3
8. 90 6 3
9. 90 8 3
5. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
5.1 Specimen Preparation
 The plates are prepared and then set on the
workstation. They are made of stainless steel SS316
alloy and have dimensions of 60x40 mm anda thickness
of 3 mm.
 The welding electrode must be held at a right angle to
the surface being welded.
 The welding of the plates began with a single pass. The
samples are fused together while maintaining the
different parameters.
Fig-2: The SS316 material thicknesses used for the work
piece
Test results for tig welding machine
Fig-3: welded work
Visual inspections are used to verify penetration after
welding the work parts. Rejected specimens are those with
inadequate penetration. By utilising a travelling microscope
to measure the front and back widths, the impact of welding
settings on bead geometry may be examined.
Table-3: Experiment
Ex.
No.
Welding
Current
Gas
Flow
Rate
Plate
Thick
Ness
Front
Width
Back
Width
1 70 4 3 5.10 4.42
2 70 6 3 5.06 4.66
3 70 8 3 4.31 4.77
4 80 4 3 5.83 5.98
5 80 6 3 5.45 4.52
6 80 8 3 4.81 4.33
7 90 4 3 8.49 4.46
8 90 6 3 8.20 4.00
9 90 8 3 6.14 4.41

6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Fig-4: Analysis of the front width's main effect
Main plot effect for front width at 3 mm thickness at varying
welding current and gas flow rate is shown above. At
welding current 70 AMP and gas flow rate 8 LPM, the front
width is minimum and at 90 AMP and gas flow rate 4 LPM, it
is maximum.
Fig-5: Analysis of the back width's main effect
The above image shows how welding current and gas flow
rate affect the main plot for back width at 3 mm thickness.
Welding currents of 90 AMP and gas flow rates of 6 LPM
result in the narrowest possible back width, while welding
currents of 80 AMP and gas flow rates of 4 LPM yield the
widest.
7. CONCLUSION
Minitab and anova were used to analyse front and rear
widths on 3mm-thick SS316 material. The L9 orthogonal
array tests use welding current and gas flow rate.
Experimental data was evaluated with Minitab 16. Analysis
yielded the following conclusions. A process parameter's
effect depends on the response. A important parameter's
percentage contribution and objective metric-induced
behaviour modification. The tests showed that the front
width can be as narrow as 4.31 mm at 8 LPM gas flow and as
wide as 8.49 mm at 90 AMP welding current and 4 LPM gas
flow. The maximum back width was 5.98 mm at 80 AMP and
4 LPM gas flow, while the minimum was 4 mm at 90 AMP
and 6 LPM.
From Anova analysis and experimental data i have conclude
that most significant parameter isweldingcurrentonoutput
parameters. Gas flow rate is minmum effect on output
parameters compare to welding current.
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