Organizational Behavior- Behavior Modifications
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Behaviour modification is a theory that explains learning through the antecedents and consequences of behavior, known as operant conditioning. It looks at how the consequences of a behavior influence its future occurrence. There are four types of consequences: positive reinforcement increases a behavior; punishment decreases it; negative reinforcement increases a behavior by removing an undesirable consequence; and extinction decreases a behavior by providing no consequence. Behaviour modification can be used in situations like reducing absenteeism through rewards for perfect attendance or encouraging healthy lifestyles at work by rewarding steps taken each day. The objective is to manage antecedents before a behavior and consequences after to influence whether that behavior is repeated.
Organizational Behavior- Behavior Modifications
- 1. PRESENTED BY: NADZLEEN BT MOHD SHARIP 2009629796
- 3. Introduction Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or observable behaviour that results from practice or experience. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour (or behavioral tendency) that occurs as a result of a person’s interaction with the environment.
- 4. Definition Behaviour modification can be define as a theory that explains learning in terms of the antecedents and consequences of behavior. It is also known as operant conditioning and reinforcement theory. It represents the application of reinforcement concept to individuals in the work setting.
- 5. A-B-Cs of Behavior Modification Antecedents What happens before behaviour Behaviour What person says or does Consequences What happens after behaviour
- 6. Continue… The objective of behaviour modification is to change behaviour (B) by managing its antecedents (A) and consequences (C) Antecedents (A): It is an event prior the behaviour. For example is that employees before this are not motivated to do their job, then the manager informs that there will be bonus this month to employees who performs. Here, we can see that when the consequences of that particular action is attracting, it can attract people to change their behaviour.
- 7. CONTINUE… Consequences (C) : It is an event following a particular behaviour that influence its future occurrence. Basically, people tend to repeat behaviours that are followed by pleasant consequences that are less likely to repeat behaviours that are followed by unpleasant consequences or no consequences at all.
- 8. Contingencies of Reinforcement Behaviour modification identifies four types of consequences, called the contingencies of reinforcement, that increase, maintain, or reduce the probability that behaviour will be repeated. Positive reinforcement occurs when the introduction of a consequence increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a specific behaviour. Punishment occurs when a consequence decreases the frequency or future probability of a behaviour.
- 9. Continue… Negative Reinforcement occurs when the removal or avoidance of a consequences increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a specific behaviour. Extinction occurs when the target behaviour decreases because no consequence follows it. In this respect, extinction is a do-nothing strategy.
- 10. Situation to Apply with Behaviour Modification Behaviour modification can be used to reduce absenteeism, improve task performance , healthy lifestyle and etc. In Arkansas, for example, the North Little Rock School Board introduced an absenteeism reduction plan in which teachers can receive $300 after every six months with perfect attendance. Another example, Reinforcing the Long (and Healthy) Walk- For many Horton Group’s 350 employees, the best parking spots aren’t closest to the building. The Chicago- based insurance broker reinforces the healthy lifestyle of walking by rewarding staff who take at least 7000 steps each day. The more steps taken, the higher the rewards in the form of cash cards that can be used at popular retail stores.
- 11. Conclusion Behaviour modifications can be apply to a certain situations. Maybe the situation is the same, but sometimes it is not suitable to apply behaviour modification. It is because the behaviour of a person is different from other person.
- 12. REFERENCES Mc Shane, Steven L and Von Glinow, Mary Ann (2010), Organizational Behaviour- Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution (International Edition, 5th Edition), Mc Graw Hill, NY, USA Robbins, Stephen P. and A. Judge (2009), Organizational Behavior (13th Edition), Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA Don Hellriegel and Slocum, Jr. (2004), Organizational Behavior, (10th Edition),Thomson South Western, Canada