Origin and structure
- 1. Origin and Structure of the Earth: Earth and Earth System
- 2. Post- Test: 1-10 Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
- 3. 1. Choose the most appropriate description of the hydrosphere. a. The mixture of gases that surround the earth. b. The waters on earth including subsurface. c. Only surface water on earth. d. Only atmospheric water
- 4. 2. All living organisms of the earth, including those on the land, water and air, are considered part of which subsystem? a. Biosphere b. Hydrosphere c. Atmosphere d. Geosphere
- 5. 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major geological subsystems of the earth? a. Biosphere b. Watersphere c. Atmosphere d. Geosphere
- 6. 4. The crust of the earth consists mostly of ________. a. Oxygen and silicon b. Iron and silicon c. Iron and nickel d. Copper and nickel
- 7. 5. The layer that makes up most of the earth’s mass and volume is the _________. a. Mantle b. Magma c. Crust d. Core
- 8. 6. The largest portion of the earth’s volume is _______. a. the crust b. the mantle c. the inner core d. the outer core
- 9. 7. What is a lithosphere? a. The bottom of the mantle b. The middle of the mantle c. The crust and the top of the mantle d. Just the top of the crust
- 10. 8. The picture shows the three main layers of the Earth. Where is the hottest? a. Layer K b. Layer W c. Layer F d. All three layers have the same temperature.
- 11. 9. From this picture, which of the following correctly identify the 3 layers of the earth arranged as K, W, and F? a. Mantle, core, crust b. Atmosphere, crust, equator c. Crust, mantle, core d. Nucleus, continent, core
- 12. 10. The thinnest layer of the earth is the _________. a. Mantle b. Inner core c. Outer core d. Crust
- 13. This narrow-angle color image of the Earth is a part of the first ever "portrait" of the solar system taken by Voyager 1.
- 16. • Just slightly larger than nearby Venus, Earth is the biggest of the terrestrial planets.
- 17. • The name Earth is at least 1,000 years old. • All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and goddesses. • However, the name Earth is an English/German word, which simply means the ground.
- 18. Ten Things to Know about the Earth by NASA Science
- 19. 1. Measuring Up If the Sun were as tall as a typical front door, Earth would be the size of a nickel.
- 21. 2. Third Rock Earth orbits our Sun, a star. Earth is the third planet from the Sun at a distance of about 93 million miles (150 million km).
- 23. 3. As the World Turns A day on Earth is 24 hours. Earth makes a complete orbit around the sun (a year in Earth time) in about 365 days.
- 24. 4. We’re on It Earth is a rocky planet with a solid and dynamic surface of mountains, canyons, plains and more. Most of our planet is covered in water.
- 25. 5. Breathe Easy Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other ingredients— the perfect balance to breathe and live.
- 26. 6. Our Cosmic Companion Earth has one moon.
- 27. 7. Ringless Earth has no rings.
- 28. 8. Orbital Science Many orbiting spacecraft study the Earth from above as a whole system— observing the atmosphere, ocean, glaciers, and the solid earth.
- 29. More than 100 Soviet and Russian Soyuz manned spacecraft (TMA version shown) have flown since 1967 and now support the International Space Station.
- 30. 9. Home, Sweet Home Earth is the perfect place for life as we know it.
- 31. 10. Protective Shield Our atmosphere protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up in our atmosphere before they can strike the surface.
- 33. Earth Science Also known as geoscience, a term used for all sciences related to earth’s geology, meteorology, oceanography, etc.
- 34. Why does the Earth have only one moon and no rings?
- 35. Four Major Systems of Earth System- defined as group of independent parts that work together as a whole. Each help shape the structure of the planet.
- 36. Four Major Systems of Earth 1.Air 2.Water 3.Land 4.Life
- 37. The Earth’s System The biophysical components of the Earth System are often referred to as spheres.
- 38. Four Biophysical Components of the Earth 1.Geosphere 2.Hydrosphere 3.Atmosphere 4.Biosphere
- 39. These four regulate the different functions on Earth such as the climate system, ecological services generated by the living biosphere, including food production, and natural resources like fossil fuels and minerals.
- 40. In the mid- 1960s, James Lovelock first postulated the regulatory role of the biosphere. This role is known as the Gaia hypothesis. In 1970, Lynn Margulis, further developed this.
- 42. The Gaia Theory is a compelling new way of understanding life on our planet. It argues that we are far more than just the “Third Rock from the Sun,” situated precariously between freezing and burning up.
- 43. The theory asserts that living organisms and their inorganic surroundings have evolved together as a single living system that greatly affects the chemistry and conditions of Earth’s surface.
- 44. Living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.
- 45. It suggests that this living system has automatically controlled global temperature, atmospheric content, ocean salinity, and other factors, that maintains its own habitability.
- 46. In a phrase, “life maintains conditions suitable for its own survival.”
- 47. 1. Geosphere • Geo means ground. • Makes up the solid portion of the Earth, its structure and land. • Includes the non- living land features.
- 49. The Earth’s Crust Our planet’s surface is covered by a thin layer called crust. Measuring 40- 50 km deep composed of solid rocks and minerals with temperature of 22 degrees Celcius. It is made up of large rocks.
- 51. The continental crust is the crust covered by land. This crust is light in color and is made mostly of granite. Above the granite is sedimentary rock and metamorphic rocks.
- 52. • Beneath the ocean lies the oceanic crust. This crust is made of basalt lava flows, which have erupted from volcanoes over millions of years. It is also composed of the elements iron, oxygen, magnesium and aluminum. • This crust covers more than two- thirds of the Earth. It is very dark or black and very heavy.
- 55. Lithosphere is the area that mostly affects the earth system. Lithosphere is in between the upper mantle and crust.