UNDERSTANDING THE EARTH and SUBSYSTEMS.
- 1. LESSON 4: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE THE HABITABLE EARTH ROCHELLE L. DE VERA T-III
- 2. Earth is the only planet known to support life. Learn about what earth is made of and where it came from..
- 3. • Content Standard: 1. Demonstrate understanding of the Formation of the universe and the solar system. 2. Demonstrate the understanding of subsystems that make up the earth • Performance Standard 1. Conduct survey to assess the possible geologic/hydrometeorological hazards that your community may experience • Most Essential Learning Competency 1. Recognize the uniqueness of the earth, being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life. 2. Explain that the earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow
- 4. THE EARTH… •Is the third planet from the sun •Fifth largest planet in the solar system •Smaller than the four gas giants- Jupiter Saturn, Uranus and Neptune- but larger than the three other rocky planets, Mercury, Mars, and Venus •Earth has a diameter of roughly 8,000 miles (13, 000 kilometers) and is mostly round because gravity generally pulls the matter into a ball. •True shape is oblate spheroid.
- 5. • Or planet is unique for many reasons but its available water and oxygen are two defining features. • Water covers roughly 71% of earth’s surface, with most of that water located in our planet’s oceans. • About a fifth of earth’s atmosphere consists of oxygen, produced by plants
- 6. • While earth orbits around the sub while simultaneously spinning around an imaginary line called axis that runs through the core from the North Pole to the South Pole. • It takes earth 23.934 hours to complete a rotation on its axis and 365.26 days to complete an orbit around the sun-our days and years on earth are defined by these gyrations.
- 7. Planet earth’s orbit around the sun • Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted in relation to the ecliptic plane an imaginary surface through the planet’s orbit around the sun. this means the Northern and Southern hemispheres will sometimes point toward or away from the sun depending on the time of year, and this changes the amount of light hemispheres receive, resulting in the changing seasons.
- 8. • Earth happens to orbit the sun within the so-called “Goldilocks zone” where temperatures are just right to maintain liquid water on our planet’s surface. Ave. distance from the sun: 149, 598, 262 km Perihelion: closest approach to the sun Aphelion: farthest distance from the sun • Our planet is a bit closer to the sun in early January and father away in July, although this proximity has a much smaller effect on the temperatures we experience on the planet’s surface than does the tilt of Earth’s axis
- 9. What makes our planet uniquely suitable to host life? • Its is the right distance from the sun. • It is protected from harmful radiation its magnetic field. • It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere. Oxygenated atmosphere have allowed the evolution of complex life • It has the right chemical ingredients for life including water and carbon and chemical cycling such as the planet’s interior and oceans by volcanisms and other geological activity. • Liquid water has been stable in significant volumes over much of the planet’s lifetime.
- 10. What sets Earth apart from other planets in the solar system? It has active plate tectonics causing earthquakes, mountain building and volcanism sites of volcanism along Earth’s submarine plate boundaries are considered to be potential environments where life could have first emerged
- 11. How many planets in the Milky Way could have conditions like earth? • Scientists estimated that 1 in 5 stars lie our sun has one Earth-like planet orbiting around them, which may support life. • Considering that there are more than 200 billion stars in our Milky Way, there might be an estimated 40 billion planets that might support life in our galaxy.
- 12. Why is it vital to preserve our planet? • Earth is the only naturally habitable planet for complex life in the solar system. If earth becomes uninhabitable we have nowhere else to go. Colonizing the Moon and Mars is no substitute for preserving earth. The Moon and Mars cannot sustain earth’s population of humans and other organisms.
- 13. Label the different processes and phases of water involve in the water cycle
- 15. OBJECTIVES • A. Identify and explain each of the subsystems of the Earth; • B. Explain how these subsystems interact. • C. Familiarize with the historic development of the concept of "Earth System”
- 17. •Do you remember the concept of Ecosystem?
- 18. •SYSTEM- A set of inter connected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.
- 19. Have you experienced El Nino? •The origin of the term ‘El Niño’ as a decrease in fish catch off the coast of Peru near Christmas time. •El Nino Phenomenon is a biologic response.
- 20. it starts with the unusual warming of the central Pacific Ocean accompanied by the weakening of the trade winds. The warming of the central Pacific Ocean results to an eastward shift of the low pressure area (away from the Indo Pacific).
- 21. • El Niño is not limited to atmospheric conditions. It is the result of ocean (hydrosphere)- atmosphere interaction.
- 22. WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAJOR SYSTEMS OF
- 24. The Earth System is itself an integrated system, but it can be subdivided into four main components, sub-systems or also known as "spheres": the Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere and Biosphere.
- 25. Atmosp here The word atmosphere comes from the Greek roots “atmos “ which means gas, and sphaira which means globe or ball. The atmosphere makes up of all the gases on Earth. It extends outward about 10, 000 km from the surface of the Earth.
- 26. Atmosp here It is composed of 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 350 ppm carbon dioxide, and other components. The atmosphere has different layers – troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
- 27. Hydrosphe re • Hydro is a Greek root which means water. • Hydrosphere is composed of all the water on Earth in any form: water vapor, liquid water, and ice. • It is comprised of 97.5% saltwater and 2.5% freshwater. • It includes all bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and marshes. • Clouds and rain are also part of the hydrosphere.
- 28. Hydrosphe re • The water on Earth is constantly moving.
- 29. Geosph ere • Geo is a Greek root which means ground. • Geosphere includes all the soil, rocks, and minerals present in the crust to the core of the Earth. Crust
- 30. Geosph ere
- 31. Biosph ere • Bio is a Greek root that means life. • The biosphere is comprised of all living things. • It includes all microbes, plants, and animals. • It extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where insects and birds can be found.
- 32. Biosph ere • Biosphere is termed as the "zone of life". • It is part where life exists. The biosphere is unique and so far there has been no existence of life else where in the universe, only our planet Earth.
- 35. The Earth is made of several subsystems or "spheres" that interact to form a complex and continuously changing whole called the Earth system.
- 36. Matter and energy move and cycle between the four different subsystems. These cycles make life on Earth possible.
- 40. Thank you!