Overview of Internet
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The document provides an overview of the history and components of the Internet. It discusses how the Internet began as a US Department of Defense project called ARPANET in the 1960s and has since evolved to become a global network connecting billions of devices. It describes the various protocols used to communicate over the Internet like TCP/IP as well as common applications and services available online like email, the World Wide Web, streaming media, and social networks. It also provides details on how data is transmitted at each layer of the OSI reference model.
Overview of Internet
- 2. INTERNET Internet or internetworking refers to a wide network through which computers are interconnected globally with one another, capable of sharing resources among themselves. This network is called ‘internet’. Internet refers to millions of computers, connected in a gigantic network, which communicate via TCP/IP protocols.
- 3. It is a network of networks. Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
- 4. HISTORY OF INTERNET 1950S - electronic computers. Packet networking -computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. 1960s -US Department of Defense developed the ARPANET 1961s - Wesley Clark- Interface Message Processor computer interface between computer and WAN 1972 - Bob Kahn – Packet switched network 1973s -TCP/IP 1980 - Ethernet
- 5. 1982 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 1983 - Domain Name System 1985 – First .Com domain name registered 1988 - OSI Reference Model released 1990 - Search engine 1991 - WWW 1995 – Amazon 1996 – Hotmail 1998- Google search 2001- Wikipedia 2003- Skype
- 6. 2004- Facebook 2005- Youtube 2006 - Twitter 2007- Kindle 2009- Bing 2010- Instagram
- 7. SERVICES AND ACCESSIBILITY Electronic mail Electronic mailing lists USENET newsgroups Real-time communication File transfer protocol Telnet Gopher World Wide Web (WWW)
- 8. INTERNET CONNECTIONS Dial-up connections High Speed Connections –Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) –Cable –Satellite –Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
- 9. TYPES OF NETWORK Example Range Bandwidth (Mbps) Latency (ms) Wired: LAN Ethernet 1-2 km 10-1000 1-10 MAN ATM 250 km 1-150 10 WAN IP routing worldwide .01-600 100-500 Internetwork Internet worldwide 0.5-600 100-500 Wireless: WPAN Bluetooth (802.15.1) 10 - 30m 0.5-2 5-20 WLAN WiFi (IEEE 802.11) 0.15-1.5 km 2-54 5-20 WMAN WiMAX (802.16) 550 km 1.5-20 5-20 WWAN GSM, 3G phone nets worldwide 0.01-2 100-500
- 10. USES OF THE INTERNET Telecommuting News, jobs, software Online courses, virtual classrooms, coaching Government services, politics and national defense Electronic publishing Entertainment Teaching and learning Scholarly research
- 11. BENEFITS OF USING INTERNET Global Audience Operates 24 hours, 7 days a week Relatively Inexpensive Product Advertising Distribute Product Catalogs Online Surveys Announcements Obtain Customer Feedback Immediate Distribution of Information Multimedia
- 12. DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET Spam Mail Kids Exposed to Adults-Only Content Addiction to Internet Leakage of Private Information Virus, Trojan and Other Malware
- 13. WEB CONCEPT WWW – hypertext – millions of documents hypertext link Web page- HTML Website- related pages Web server Web Browser
- 14. WORKING Of CLIENT /SERVER MODEL Client Server http URL – Uniform Resource Locator Protocol Domain Name Path http: //www.vvvc.org/students.html Host names .edu .com .org .gov
- 15. PROTOCOLS Set of rules or an agreement Ethernet Internet Protocol Transport Control Protocol File transport Protocol Hypertext Transport Protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- 16. INTERNET PROTOCOL IP Address Network Address – 128.213 Host Address – 1.1 Types of Internet Protocol 7 24 Class A: 0 Network ID Host ID 14 16 Class B: 1 0 Network ID Host ID 21 8 Class C: 1 1 0 Network ID Host ID 28 Class D (multicast): 1 1 1 0 Multicast address 27 Class E (reserved): 1 1 1 1 unused0
- 17. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL OSI reference model Reliable transmission, Connection oriented Application to IP layer Detect lost packets Request for retransmission USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL Connectionless no reliability Source port, Destination port, Length and checksum.
- 18. OVERVIEW OF OSI REFERENCE MODEL Open Systems Interconnection Created by International Standards Organisation Seven Layer model Relationship and interaction between network services Rules and conventions for various functions within each layer
- 20. PHYSICAL LAYER Deals with all aspects of physically moving data from one computer to the next Cable standards, wireless standards, and fiber optic standards Used to transmit data Hub DATA LINK LAYER Is responsible for moving frames from node to node or computer to computer across routers Ethernet Protocol and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- 21. Switch Two sub layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and the Media Access Control (MAC)
- 22. Logical Link Control (LLC) Data Link layer addressing, flow control, address notification, error correction Media Access Control (MAC) Determines which computer has access to the network media at any given time Determines where one frame ends and the next one starts called frame synchronization
- 23. Network Layer Responsible for moving packets (data) from one end of the network to the other, called end-to-end communications logical addresses such as IP addresses Router Routing is the ability of various network devices and their related software to move data packets from source to destination
- 24. TRANSPORT LAYER Data transmission Reassembled in correct order at destination connection-oriented protocol connectionless protocol Reliability of the transport of sent data SESSION LAYER Managing the dialog between networked devices Establishes, manages, and terminates connections Provides procedures for establishing checkpoints, adjournment, termination, and restart or recovery procedures
- 25. PRESENTATION LAYER How data is presented to the network Handles three primary tasks: Translation Changes data so another type of computer can understand it. Compression Makes data smaller to send more data in same amount of time. Encryption Encodes data to protect from interception or eavesdropping.
- 26. APPLICATION LAYER Contains all services or protocols needed by application software or operating system to communicate on the network Firefox web browser uses HTTP E-mail program may use POP3 to read e-mails and SMTP to send e-mails
- 28. Thank you