OVERVIEW OF TENSES FOR ESL BEGINNER LEVEL STUDENTS

 The present tense refers to something which is happening or occurring right
now. The present tense is sometimes known as the simple present or the present
simple.
 The past tense refers to that which occurred or existed in the past. The past tense
is also known as the simple past or past simple.
 The future tense relates to anything that has not yet happened already. The terms
will and shall be used in the future tense.

PAST
• SIMPLE
• CONTINUOUS
• PERFECT
• PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
PRESENT
• SIMPLE
• CONTINUOUS
• PERFECT
• PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
FUTURE
• SIMPLE
• CONTINUOUS
• PERFECT
• PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

 Simple Present Tense:
 The simple present tense is used to describe facts, general truths, routines, and habits.
 Example:
 She plays tennis every weekend.
 The sun rises in the east.
 I eat breakfast at 7 AM.

 Simple Past Tense:
 The simple past tense is used to talk about completed actions or events that occurred in
the past.
 Example:
 They watched a movie last night.
 He lived in Paris for five years.
 We visited our grandparents yesterday.

 Simple Future Tense:
 The simple future tense is used to discuss actions or events that will happen at a later
time or in the future.
 Example:
 She will travel to Japan next month.
 They are going to have a party on Saturday.
 I will meet you at the park after work.

 Present Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "be" verb (am/are/is) + present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that are happening at the present moment or around
the current time.
 Example:
 She is studying for her exam right now.
 They are playing basketball in the park.
 We are having dinner at a restaurant tonight.

 Past Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "be" verb (was/were) + present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that were in progress at a specific time in the past.
 Example:
 I was reading a book when the phone rang.
 They were watching a movie at the theater yesterday.
 She was cooking dinner while he was setting the table.

 Future Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "will be" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time or during a
specific period in the future.
 Example:
 We will be traveling to Paris next month.
 They will be attending a conference tomorrow.
 He will be studying for his exam all day on Saturday.

 Key Points to Remember:
 Continuous tenses emphasize the ongoing nature of actions or events.
 They are formed using a "be" verb (am/are/is, was/were, will be) followed by the
present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action or event determines the tense used (present, past, or
future).
 Continuous tenses often include time expressions to specify the duration or timing
of the action.
 These tenses are especially useful for describing ongoing activities, temporary
situations, or actions happening at a specific time.

 Present Perfect Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "have/has" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present, or
actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now.
 Example: "I have visited that city before."
 Past Perfect Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "had" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that were completed before another past action or a specific
point in the past.
 Example: "She had finished her work before the meeting started."
 Future Perfect Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions that will be completed before a specific future time or reference
point.
 Example: "By next year, he will have graduated from university."

 Perfect tenses indicate completed actions, ongoing states, or actions that have a
connection to a specific point in time.
 They are formed using an auxiliary verb (have/has, had, will have) followed by the
past participle of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action determines the tense used (present, past, or future).
 Perfect tenses often include time expressions or indicators of duration.
 These tenses are useful for discussing experiences, accomplishments, or actions
that have an impact on the present or future.

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "have/has been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that started in the past, continue in the present, and
may continue into the future. It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action or state.
 Example:
 She has been studying for three hours.
 They have been playing basketball since morning.
 We have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that were ongoing in the past before another past
action or a specific point in the past. It indicates the continuity leading up to a specific
time in the past.
 Example:
 I had been working on the project all day before I took a break.
 They had been traveling for weeks before they reached their destination.
 She had been practicing the piano for hours before the performance.

 Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that will be ongoing and in progress before a specific
future time or reference point. It emphasizes the continuity leading up to a future
moment.
 Example:
 By next month, she will have been studying English for a year.
 They will have been working on the assignment for days by the time it is due.
 We will have been waiting at the airport for hours before the flight arrives.

 Perfect continuous tenses indicate ongoing or continuous actions or states that
started in the past and continue to a specific point in time.
 They are formed using an auxiliary verb (have/has been, had been, will have been)
followed by the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action determines the tense used (present, past, or future).
 Perfect continuous tenses often include time expressions to specify the duration or
timing of the action or state.
 These tenses are particularly useful for discussing ongoing activities, durations, or
states that have relevance in relation to specific timeframes.

 Simple Present: Describes general truths, habits, or routines.
 Present Continuous: Describes actions happening at the present moment or
around the current time.
 Present Perfect: Describes actions or states that started in the past and have a
connection to the present.
 Present Perfect Continuous: Describes ongoing actions or states that started in
the past and continue in the present.

Definition Usages and Examples

 Formation of the Simple Present Tense:
 For most verbs, the simple present tense is formed by using the base form (infinitive) of
the verb.
 The third-person singular (he, she, it) form of regular verbs usually adds an "-s" or "-es"
to the base form.

 Usage of the Simple Present Tense:
 Expressing general truths and facts:
 Example: "The sun rises in the east."
 Describing habitual or repeated actions:
 Example: "She goes for a run every morning."
 Stating routines or schedules:
 Example: "The train departs at 8:00 AM."
 Expressing permanent situations or characteristics:
 Example: "I live in New York City."

 Examples of the Simple Present Tense:
 "I eat breakfast every day."
 "He reads books for pleasure."
 "They speak English fluently."
 "The flowers bloom in spring."
 "She dances beautifully."

 Adverbs and Time Expressions with the Simple Present Tense:
 Adverbs of frequency (often, always, sometimes) are commonly used with the simple
present tense.
 Example: "She always arrives on time."
 Time expressions that indicate regularity (every day, once a week) are also used.
 Example: "They go to the gym three times a week."


 Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "do" + "not" + base form of the verb
(except for the third-person singular, where "does" is used).
 Example: "I do not like coffee."
 For interrogative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "do" + subject + base form of the verb
(except for the third-person singular).
 Example: "Do you play the guitar?"


 Formation of the Present Continuous Tense:
 The present continuous tense is formed by using the present tense of the verb "to be"
(am, is, are) followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "She is reading a book."

 Usage of the Present Continuous Tense:
 Describing actions happening at the present moment:
 Example:
 "They are playing soccer."
 Referring to temporary situations or actions in progress:
 Example:
 "I am currently working on a project."
 Expressing future arrangements or plans:
 Example:
 "We are meeting for dinner tonight."
 Indicating annoyance or frustration (with adverbs like "always" or "constantly"):
 Example:
 "He is always interrupting me!"

 Examples of the Present Continuous Tense:
 "I am studying for my exams."
 "They are cooking dinner in the kitchen."
 "She is talking on the phone right now."
 "We are watching a movie at the theater."
 "The baby is sleeping peacefully."

 the Present Continuous Tense:
 Adverbs such as "now," "currently," or "at the moment" are often used with the present
continuous tense to emphasize the ongoing nature of the action.
 Example:
 "I am currently working on a project."
 Time expressions indicating the present time or near future can also be used.
 Example:
 "They are leaving tomorrow."

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example:
 "She is not studying right now."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example:
 "Are you listening to me?"


 Formation of the Present Perfect Tense:
 The present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb
"have" (have/has) followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example:
 "She has seen that movie."

 Usage of the Present Perfect Tense:
 Expressing past actions with present relevance:
 Example: "I have finished my work." (The action of finishing work is complete, but the
consequence or relevance is in the present.)
 Indicating experiences or events that happened at an indefinite time in the past:
 Example: "He has traveled to many countries."
 Describing actions that started in the past and continue into the present:
 Example: "They have lived in this city for five years."
 Discussing recent events or activities:
 Example: "We have just arrived home."

 Examples of the Present Perfect Tense:
 "I have visited Paris several times."
 "She has read that book before."
 "They have studied English for three years."
 "He has lost his keys."
 "We have never been to Asia."

 Time Expressions Used with the Present Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "ever," "never," "already," "yet," "just," "recently," "so far," "up to
now," and "since" are commonly used with the present perfect tense.
 Example:
 "Have you ever traveled abroad?"
THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example:
 "She has not seen that movie."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example:
 "Have you finished your homework?"
THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE

 Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 The present perfect continuous tense is formed by using the present perfect tense of the
auxiliary verb "have" (have/has), the past participle form of "be" (been), and the present
participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "She has been studying."

 Usage of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describing ongoing actions that started in the past and continue in the present:
 Example: "I have been working on this project for three hours."
 Expressing actions that have just finished or recently stopped:
 Example: "He is out of breath because he has been running."
 Indicating the duration of an action that is still happening or its impact on the present:
 Example: "She has been learning French, so she can now communicate with native speakers."
 Referring to repeated or frequent actions over a period leading up to the present:
 Example: "They have been traveling to different countries every summer."

 Examples of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 "I have been studying for the exam all day."
 "They have been working on the project for weeks."
 "She has been waiting for the bus since 8 AM."
 "We have been living in this city for five years."
 "He has been practicing the piano for hours."

 Time Expressions Used with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "for," "since," "all day," "recently," "lately," or a specific period
are commonly used with the present perfect continuous tense to indicate the duration of
the action.
 Example: "She has been reading this book for two hours."

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example: "They have not been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example: "Have you been studying for the test?"

Key differences between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect
Continuous tenses

 Present Perfect Tense:
 Focuses on the result or completion of an action or event.
 Indicates a connection between past actions and the present moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has" + past participle.
 Example:
 "I have visited that city before."

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Focuses on the duration or continuity of an ongoing action or state.
 Emphasizes the ongoing nature of an action that started in the past and continues
to the present.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has been" + present participle (-ing form).
 Example:
 "She has been studying for three hours."

Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Nature of the
Action:
Focuses on the
completion or result of an
action or event.
Emphasizes the ongoing duration or
continuity of an action.
Time Frame:
Highlights the connection
between past actions and
the present moment.
Indicates an ongoing action that started in
the past and continues to the present.
Verb Structure:
Uses the auxiliary verb
"have/has" + past
participle.
Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has been" +
present participle (-ing form).
Usage:
Used to discuss past
actions or events with
present relevance.
Used to describe ongoing actions or states
that started in the past and continue to the
present.

Key differences between the simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and
past perfect continuous tenses

 Simple Past Tense:
 Describes completed actions or events in the past.
 Indicates a specific point in time when the action occurred.
 Uses the past tense form of the verb.
 Example:
 "I finished my work yesterday.“

 Past Continuous Tense:
 Describes ongoing actions or events in the past.
 Indicates an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
 Uses the past tense form of "be" (was/were) + present participle (-ing form) of the
main verb.
 Example:
 "She was studying when I called her."

 Describes an action that was completed before another past action or a specific
point in the past.
 Indicates the earlier action or event.
 Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.
 Example:
 "They had already left when I arrived.“

 Describes ongoing actions that were in progress before another past action or a
specific point in the past.
 Indicates the continuous duration leading up to that point.
 Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "He had been working all day before he took a break."

 Completion vs. Continuity:
 Simple Past: Describes completed actions in the past.
 Past Continuous: Describes ongoing actions in the past.
 Past Perfect: Describes completed actions before another past action.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Describes ongoing actions leading up to another past
action.

 Time Reference:
 Simple Past: Refers to a specific point in the past.
 Past Continuous: Refers to a specific time in the past when an action was in
progress.
 Past Perfect: Indicates an action completed before another past action.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Indicates an ongoing action leading up to another past
action.

 Verb Structure:
 Simple Past: Uses the past tense form of the verb.
 Past Continuous: Uses "was/were" + present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Past Perfect: Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the
main verb.

 Usage:
 Simple Past: Used to describe completed actions or events in the past.
 Past Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events in the past.
 Past Perfect: Used to describe an action completed before another past action or a
specific point in the past.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions leading up to another
past action or point in the past.

 Formation of the Simple Past Tense:
 For regular verbs, the simple past tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of the
verb.
 Example:
 "She walked to the store."
 However, irregular verbs have unique past tense forms that do not follow a consistent
pattern.

 Usage of the Simple Past Tense:
 Describing past actions or events:
 Example: "He ate lunch an hour ago."
 Referring to a specific time or duration in the past:
 Example: "They lived in that house for ten years."
 Narrating a story or historical event:
 Example: "Once upon a time, there was a brave knight."
 Expressing past habits or states:
 Example: "When I was young, I played the piano.“

 Examples of the Simple Past Tense:
 "They studied hard for the exam."
 "She traveled to Europe last summer."
 "We watched a movie last night."
 "He wrote a letter to his friend."
 "The team won the championship."

 Time Expressions Used with the Simple Past Tense:
 Time expressions such as yesterday, last week, in 1999, two hours ago, when I was a child,
etc., are commonly used with the simple past tense to specify the time or duration of the
action.
 Example:
 "I visited my grandparents last weekend.“
 To form negative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "did" + "not" + base form of the verb.
 Example:
 "She did not go to the party."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "did."
 Example:
 "Did you finish your homework?"

 1. Formation of the Past Continuous Tense:
 The past continuous tense is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb
"to be" (was/were) followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Example: "They were playing soccer."

 Usage of the Past Continuous Tense:
 Describing ongoing actions in the past:
 Example: "I was studying when she called me."
 Setting the background or context for another action or event in the past:
 Example: "She was cooking dinner while he was watching TV."
 Expressing simultaneous actions or events in progress:
 Example: "We were talking and laughing at the same time."
 Indicating interrupted actions or events:
 Example: "He was reading a book when the phone rang.“

 3. Examples of the Past Continuous Tense:
 Example: "I was studying all night for the exam."
 Example: "They were traveling in Europe last summer."
 Example: "She was writing a letter when the power went out."
 Example: "We were watching a movie when it started to rain."
 Example: "He was running late for the meeting."

 4. Time Expressions Used with the Past Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "at that time," "while," "when," "as," "during," or specific
time references are commonly used with the past continuous tense.
 Example: "She was cooking dinner at 7 PM.“
 5. Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example: "He was not listening to music."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example: "Were you playing soccer?"


 Formation of the Past Perfect Tense:
 The past perfect tense is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "to have"
(had) followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example: "She had already finished her homework."

 Usage of the Past Perfect Tense:
 Describing an action that happened before another action in the past:
 Example: "He had already left when I arrived."
 Indicating an action that was completed before a specific point in the past:
 Example: "By the time she arrived, I had already eaten."
 Referring to an event that occurred in the more distant past:
 Example: "They had visited that city many times before."
 Expressing regrets or unrealized past events:
 Example: "I wish I had studied harder."

 Examples of the Past Perfect Tense:
 "I had already seen that movie."
 "She had finished her work before the deadline."
 "They had traveled to Europe twice before they turned 25."
 "By the time I woke up, she had already left."
 "He had never tasted sushi until yesterday."

 Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "before," "after," "by the time," "already," "never," "until,"
"once," and "twice" are commonly used with the past perfect tense.
 Example: "She had finished cooking by the time we arrived.“
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "He had not seen the movie before."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "Had you finished your homework?"



 Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using the past perfect tense of the
auxiliary verb "had," the past participle form of "been," and the present participle form (-
ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "She had been studying."

 Usage of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describing an ongoing action that started in the past and continued up until another
past action or event:
 Example: "They had been working all day before they decided to take a break."
 Expressing the duration of an action that was ongoing in the past, often with a sense of
interruption:
 Example: "He had been practicing the guitar for two hours when the power went out."
 Referring to a continuous action that had a result or impact on the past:
 Example: "She was tired because she had been running for a long time."
 Talking about an ongoing action that was completed in the past:
 Example: "I was out of breath because I had been exercising."

 Examples of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 "She had been studying for hours when her friends arrived."
 "They had been working on the project for months before they finally completed it."
 "He was exhausted because he had been running for miles."
 "We were all wet because it had been raining heavily."
 "I was tired because I had been working all day long."

 Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "for," "since," "all day," "before," "by the time," or a specific
period in the past are commonly used with the past perfect continuous tense to indicate
the duration of the action.
 Example: "She had been practicing the piano for five years before she gave her first
concert.“
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "They had not been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "Had you been studying for the test?"

Key differences between the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous
Tenses

 Describes an action or event that was completed before another past action or a specific point in the past.
 Emphasizes the earlier action or event.
 Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.
 Example:
 I had already finished my work when she called.
 They had traveled to Europe before they got married.
 She had studied French for two years before she moved to Paris.
 Describes an ongoing action or state that was in progress before another past action or a specific point in the past.
 Emphasizes the continuous duration leading up to that point.
 Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 He had been working all day before he took a break.
 They had been waiting in line for hours before the concert started.
 We had been living in the city for five years before we decided to move.

Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Completed Action vs. Ongoing
Action:
Describes an action or event
that was completed before
another past action or point in
the past.
Describes an ongoing action or
state that was in progress before
another past action or point in
the past.
Emphasis:
Emphasizes the earlier action or
event.
Emphasizes the continuous
duration leading up to another
past action or point in the past.
Verb Structure:
Uses "had" + past participle
form of the main verb.
Uses "had been" + present
participle (-ing form) of the
main verb.
Usage:

Key differences between the simple future, future continuous, future
perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses

 Simple Future Tense:
 Used to describe actions or events that will happen at a later time or in the future.
 Indicates a simple statement or prediction about the future.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb.
 Example:
 "I will travel to Paris next week."
 Future Continuous Tense:
 Used to describe actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time or during a specific
period in the future.
 Indicates the ongoing nature of an action in the future.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will be" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "I will be studying for my exam tomorrow evening."

 Used to describe actions or events that will be completed before a specific future
time or reference point.
 Indicates the completion of an action or event before another future action or
moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Example:
 "By next year, I will have graduated from university.“

 Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will be in progress and will have a
duration leading up to a specific future time or reference point.
 Indicates the continuous duration of an action or event before another future
action or moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the
main verb.
 Example:
 "By the time you arrive, I will have been waiting for two hours."


 Simple Statement vs. Ongoing Action:
 Simple Future: Describes a simple statement or prediction about the future.
 Future Continuous: Describes ongoing actions or events in the future.
 Completion vs. Ongoing Action:
 Future Perfect: Indicates the completion of an action or event before another
future action or moment.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Indicates the ongoing duration of an action or event
before another future action or moment.

 Verb Structure:
 Simple Future: Uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb.
 Future Continuous: Uses the auxiliary verb "will be" + present participle (-ing
form) of the main verb.
 Future Perfect: Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main
verb.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present
participle (-ing form) of the main verb.

 Usage:
 Simple Future: Used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the
future.
 Future Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will be in
progress at a specific time in the future.
 Future Perfect: Used to describe actions or events that will be completed before a
specific future time or reference point.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will
have a duration leading up to a specific future time or reference point.

 Formation of the Simple Future Tense:
 To form the simple future tense, use the auxiliary verb "will" (or "shall" in some cases)
followed by the base form of the main verb.
 Example: "She will study for the exam."

 Usage of the Simple Future Tense:
 Stating future actions or events:
 Example: "They will go on vacation next week."
 Making predictions or expressing certainty about the future:
 Example: "I think it will rain tomorrow."
 Offering or making promises:
 Example: "I will help you with your project."
 Expressing intentions, plans, or decisions:
 Example: "He will start a new job in September."

 Examples of the Simple Future Tense:
 "I will call you later."
 "They will attend the conference next month."
 "She will cook dinner for the guests."
 "We will visit our grandparents over the weekend."
 "He will finish his work by the deadline."

 Time Expressions Used with the Simple Future Tense:
 Time expressions such as "tomorrow," "next week," "in the future," "soon," "in a month,"
or specific dates and times are commonly used with the simple future tense to indicate
when the action will take place.
 Example: "We will meet for lunch at 12 PM.“
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "She will not attend the party."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "Will you come to the meeting?"


 Formation of the Future Continuous Tense:
 The future continuous tense is formed by using the future tense of the auxiliary verb
"will" (or "shall" in some cases) followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the
main verb.
 Example: "They will be playing soccer."

 Usage of the Future Continuous Tense:
 Describing ongoing actions in the future:
 Example: "I will be studying for the exam tomorrow."
 Referring to actions that will be in progress at a specific time or during a specific period:
 Example: "She will be working on the project all afternoon."
 Indicating assumptions or predictions based on current evidence:
 Example: "He will be traveling for business next month."
 Expressing polite inquiries or making polite requests about future plans:
 Example: "Will you be attending the meeting tomorrow?"

 Examples of the Future Continuous Tense:
 "I will be studying all night for the exam."
 "They will be traveling in Europe this summer."
 "She will be waiting at the airport for her parents."
 "We will be watching a movie at the theater tomorrow evening."
 "He will be working on the project until late tonight."

 Time Expressions Used with the Future Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "tomorrow," "next week," "at 6 PM," "for three hours," or
specific future periods are commonly used with the future continuous tense to indicate
when the action will be taking place.
 Example: "She will be working on the report from 9 AM to 12 PM.“
 Example: "He will not be attending the party."
 Example: "Will you be coming to the event?"

 Formation of the Future Perfect Tense:
 The future perfect tense is formed by using the future tense of the auxiliary verb "will"
(or "shall" in some cases) followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example: "She will have finished her work by then."

 Usage of the Future Perfect Tense:
 Expressing an action that will be completed before a specified future time or event:
 Example: "I will have graduated by next year."
 Referring to an action that will be completed before another action takes place:
 Example: "He will have arrived by the time we start the meeting."
 Indicating an action that will be finished before a future point of reference:
 Example: "They will have left by the time the concert starts."
 Talking about expectations or assumptions based on current evidence:
 Example: "I'm sure he will have finished the report by now."

 Examples of the Future Perfect Tense:
 "By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money for a trip."
 "She will have written the book by the time she turns 30."
 "They will have completed the project before the deadline."
 "We will have finished dinner by the time you arrive."
 "He will have learned how to play the guitar after taking lessons for a year."

 Time Expressions Used with the Future Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "by," "before," "by the time," "in," or specific future points are
commonly used with the future perfect tense to indicate when the action will be
completed.
 Example: "She will have graduated by the end of the month.“
 Example: "He will not have finished his work by then."
 Example: "Will you have completed the task by tomorrow?"

 Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 The future perfect continuous tense is formed by using the future perfect tense of the
auxiliary verb "will have," the past participle form of "been," and the present participle
form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "She will have been studying."

 Usage of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describing an ongoing action that will start in the future and continue up until a
specified future point:
 Example: "By this time next week, I will have been working on this project for a month."
 Expressing the duration of an action that will be ongoing and in progress in the future:
 Example: "He will have been practicing the guitar for hours before the concert."
 Referring to a continuous action that will have a result or impact on a future point:
 Example: "By the end of the year, she will be tired because she will have been running a
marathon every month."
 Talking about an ongoing action that will be completed at a future point:
 Example: "We will be exhausted because we will have been traveling for days."

 Examples of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 "By next month, she will have been studying English for a year."
 "I will have been working on the assignment for hours by the time you arrive."
 "They will have been waiting in line for hours before the concert starts."
 "We will be tired because we will have been running all day long."
 "He will have been practicing the piano for years before he gives a solo performance."
 Time Expressions Used with the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "by," "by the time," "for," "for hours," or a specific future point
are commonly used with the future perfect continuous tense to indicate the duration of
the action leading up to that point.
 Example: "By the end of the week, I will have been living in this city for a decade."

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will have."
 Example: "They will not have been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will have."
 Example: "Will you have been studying for the test?"

Key differences between the Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous
tenses

 Describes actions or events that will be completed before a specific future time or
reference point.
 Indicates the completion or result of an action or event in relation to a future
moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Example:
 By the end of the month, I will have finished my project.
 She will have traveled to five different countries by the time she turns 30.
 They will have completed their studies before they start their new jobs.

 Describes ongoing actions or events that will have a duration leading up to a specific
future time or reference point.
 Emphasizes the continuous nature of an action or event before another future action
or moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Example:
 By 10 PM tonight, I will have been studying for six hours.
 They will have been working on the assignment for two weeks by the time it is due.
 She will have been living in that city for a year by the end of the month.

Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous
Completion vs. Ongoing Action:
Indicates the completion or result of an action
or event in relation to a future moment.
Emphasizes the ongoing nature and duration
of an action or event before another future
action or moment.
Verb Structure:
Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past
participle of the main verb.
Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" +
present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.
Time Reference:
Focuses on the completion of an action or
event before a specific future time or
reference point.
Focuses on the ongoing duration of an action
or event leading up to a specific future time
or reference point.
Usage:
Used to describe actions or events that will be
completed before a specific future time or
reference point.
Used to describe ongoing actions or events
that will have a duration leading up to a
specific future time or reference point.

OVERVIEW OF TENSES FOR ESL BEGINNER LEVEL STUDENTS

More Related Content

Similar to OVERVIEW OF TENSES FOR ESL BEGINNER LEVEL STUDENTS (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

OVERVIEW OF TENSES FOR ESL BEGINNER LEVEL STUDENTS