P2_Karjalainen
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The document discusses efforts by cities in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area of Finland to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption through cooperation. It notes that the population and emissions are growing in the area. The main sources of emissions are heating, electricity use, and transportation. It proposes a climate vision and sectoral visions to minimize emissions through improved energy efficiency, sustainable transportation and land use planning, low-carbon building and energy solutions. Specific policies and initiatives discussed include increasing public transit usage, utilizing biofuels in buses and vehicles, retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, and optimizing district heating and cooling systems.
P2_Karjalainen
- 1. Joint approach by cities in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area - climate protection by reducing energy consumption Irma Karjalainen
- 2. Global atmospheric warming not to exceed 2 o C EU targets are challenging
- 3. Helsinki Metropolitan Area 100 km 6.4 mill Population 1.0 mill
- 4. The greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area are increasing more rapidly than its population The millionth inhabitant 30.4.2007. The growth of population nearly 1% per year. Total GHG-emissions increased 12 % between 2000 and 2004 Traffic volumes of the region are growing heavily
- 5. Consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area The main sources of emissions are: heating 43 %, electricity consumption 28 % transport 23 %
- 6. Greenhouse gas emissions in Nordic cities
- 7. Building density is low in most parts of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Espoo Kauniainen Vantaa Helsinki
- 8. An increase of 1% in the modal share of public transport reduces greenhouse gas emissions from traffic by about 0.6% Number and shares of journeys made by private car and public transport in the Helsinki metropolitan area from 1966 to 2005 Share of public transport 38% in 2005 Private car Number of journeys (1000/day) Share of public transport Public transport
- 9. Proposal for a climate vision for the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Improved energy efficiency and the sparing use of natural resources leads to a fall in greenhouse gas emissions in the region and to improved competitiveness. Transport Land use Construction and buildings Electricity Energy generation Consumption and waste This main vision is supplemented by six sectoral visions concerning:
- 10. The target and trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area The target is to reduce per capita energy consumption in the metropolitan area over the period 1990–2030 to minimize GHG emissions: from 6.3t CO 2 eqv in 2004 to 4.3t CO 2 eqv in 2030 per capita. by 39% over the period 1990 – 2030. Annual greenhouse gas emissions per inhabitant
- 11. Vision and operating policies for transport Greenhouse gas emissions from transport have fallen by at least 20 per cent. Public transport, walking and cycling are the preferred forms of mobility. Influencing demand for transport and patterns of mobility by improving the status and service standards of public transport, walking and cycling. through mobility service pricing , Cutting emissions from city transport operation through the use of low-emission standards Promoting the use of low-emission vehicles through - economic guidance in favour of low-emission vehicles - environmental zones based on motor vehicle emissions
- 12. Reducing public transport emissions with the help of a new fuel: The providers of public transport and Neste Oil have signed a letter of intent aiming at using NExBTL biofuel to power buses and waste disposal trucks. 300 buses will start using the fuel in August 07 and the aim is that in 2008 half of the buses will use synthetic biodiesel Biodiesel (100%) will reduce emissions from buses by half An obligation to use biofuels to be introduced in fuel distribution at the turn of the year 2007/2008. A tax relief from the state would encourage the use.
- 13. NExBTL-biodiesel The first commercial scale 2nd generation biodiesel unit Oil refinery integrated unit will start-up in Porvoo, Finland summer 2007 Very high quality diesel fuel from vegetable oils and animal fats BTL = Bio to Liquids
- 14. Operating policies for construction and buildings Improving energy efficiency in new buildings new technology pilot projects e.g. low-energy buildings Improving energy efficiency in the existing buildings new renovation technology Guiding choices of heating and cooling systems impact of various heating and cooling methods improving various financing and grant procedures Improving maintenance retraining building service staff active use of servicing logbooks improving consumption metering to ensure that energy costs can be allocated to the end consumer new control and guidance technology for information A solar heated building in Viikki, Helsinki
- 15. Operating policies for energy generating and distribution Benefiting from the opportunities of a more compact urban structure - optimising the benefits of cogeneration - investigating the use of district heating return flows (e.g. low energy sites, wastewater sludge heating, cooling) - investigating waste heat sites and heat recovery prospects at small (e.g. condensation heat from ice rink refrigeration) and large (e.g. wastewater treatment plants) sites - auditing, energy reviews and suggestion prizes - extending district cooling networks and replacing separate cooling installations in buildings
- 16. Possible Top 10 areas for action Energy consumption and GHG emissions in all the municipalities within the metropolitan area Public sector procurement procedures Replacing coal with recovered fuels and eco-electricity Energy efficiency at all levels Rail traffic and vehicle biofuels Heating systems of detached houses Information Motivating people to save energy Promoting life-cycle thinking and developing eco-areas Monitoring and statistics Source: P.Lund 11/2006
- 17. More information: www.ytv.fi/ENG/future/climate_change/
- 18. Preventing climate change must play a key role in city planning and decision making! -