The document explains refraction using a Perspex or glass block set at an angle. As light travels from air into the denser Perspex block, it slows down, causing the light waves to bend or change direction. Then, as the light exits the Perspex back into the less dense air, it speeds up again, causing further bending of the light waves. This bending or refraction of light is what allows objects to be seen even when they are not directly in our line of sight.