Pathology Program Curriculum Development
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Daniel Rosen outlines his goal of assembling a two-year didactic curriculum for a pathology residency program starting in July 2015. He discusses moving from a traditional teaching-centered approach to a more modern learning-centered approach using technologies like PowerPoint, tablets, and social media. Rosen presents a six-step approach to curriculum development involving problem identification, needs assessment, setting goals/objectives, choosing educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation/feedback. The new academic curriculum will be organized in two-year cycles focusing on high-yield topics within organ system modules and utilizing an online platform for resources and evaluations. Rosen concludes the program can be improved by fully utilizing technologies like its Blackboard site to enhance residents' educational experience.
Pathology Program Curriculum Development
- 1. Pathology program curriculum development Daniel Rosen, MD
- 2. About me Daniel Rosen, MD Pathology Residency Associate Program Director at BCM, Houston, Texas
- 5. The Texas Medical Center
- 6. GOAL Assemble a 2-year long didactic academic curriculum for the residency pathology program that will start in July 1st 2015.
- 7. The classroom evolution 1890 Chalkboard 1900 pencil 1930 Overhead projector 1940 Ballpoint pen 1980 Personal computer 2007 Iphone Tablets Social media 1990 powerpoint
- 9. Teaching-Centered approach • Faculty are lecturers • Transfer of knowledge from teacher to student • Time held constant; learning varies • Promote recall
- 10. Learning-Centered approach • Faculty are facilitators, active students • Discovery and construction of knowledge • Learning held constant; time varies • Promote understanding
- 11. The pathology taxonomy wheel
- 12. Didactic conference worflow • Powerpoint • Keynote • Slideshare • Prezi • Google Docs 1. Create • Slideshare • Prezi • Youtube • Google+ • Blackboard 2. Publish • Slideshare • Prezi • Youtube • Blackboard 3. Assess
- 13. Journal club •Pubmed •Scopus •Medscape •Google scholar •Web of Science 1. Search •Powerpoint •keynote •Slideshare •Prezi •Google Docs 2. Create •Slideshare •Prezi •Google Docs •Youtube •Voicethread 3. Publish •Slideshare •Prezi •Google Docs •Youtube •Voicethread 4. Assess
- 15. Six-Step Approach to Curriculum Development 2. Targeted needs assessment 3. Goals and objectives 4. Educational strategies 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation and feedback 1. Problem identification
- 16. Six-Step Approach • Identify health care need • Who is affected? • What does it affect? • Qualitative and quantitative effects? 1. Problem identification / general needs assessment
- 17. Six-Step Approach • Identify targeted learners • Learn about targeted learners • Informal discussions / Formal interviews • Focus group discussions • Questionnaires • Direct observation of skills 2. Targeted needs assessment
- 18. Six-Step Approach • Aid in curriculum content selection • Allow the evaluation of learners and curriculum • Conveys to others curriculum expectations 3. Goals and objectives
- 19. Six-Step Approach • Maintain congruence between objectives and methods • Use multiple educational methods • Should use feasible resources • Promote self-directed learning 4. Educational methods
- 20. Six-Step Approach • Identify resources needed • Develop administrative mechanisms • Anticipate problems 5. Implementation
- 21. Six-Step Approach • Select measurement methods • Collect data • Analyze data • Report results 6. Evaluation and feedback
- 24. • 2 year cycle • High Yield topics • Organ system based modules • End of module evaluations Academic curriculum
- 26. Conclusions • Our program has underutilized powerful resources • Implementation of these resources such as “Blackboard” will improve the educational experience • The results from the evaluation will provide useful data to further develop this curriculum
Editor's Notes
- #2: Free Educational Technology: TOP 10 Free Timeline Creation Tools for Teachers http://elearningindustry.com/top-10-free-timeline-creation-tools-for-teachers
- #3: My name is Daniel Rosen and this is my final project for CUIN 7389 digital media
- #4: Residency training is a very demanding work environment. Besides the daily clinical work, residents have to fulfill program requirements for graduation such as scholarly activities, teaching and research participation.
- #5: The work schedule can interfere with education leading to poor conference attendance. Moreover, given the intense demand of the work environment residents may be susceptible to developing burnout and as a consequence decreased productivity, increase stress and decreased job satisfaction.
- #6: Furthermore, our program is located in the Texas Medical Center and comprises 7 affiliated institutions. Often residents have to commute large distances to be able to attend conference at the Baylor College of Medicine main building often interfering with their clinical activities. http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7268/7595018348_2b370f489e_b.jpg
- #8: The use of technological advances can improve resident education. In this slide I show the major technological discoveries that had a major impact in the classrooms. We have come a long way since the invention of the chalkboard in 1890 to the recent introduction of social media, tables, and smartphones. We are training a new generation of young professionals that cannot conceive there was a time without computers and PowerPoint. This in part is driving the pedagogical change.
- #9: Current theories of learning and the new interactive technologies have begun to enable the pedagogical change from a passive teaching-centered to an active learning-centered environment.
- #10: So far we have been following the teaching centered approach.
- #11: In the learning center approach trainees are heavily involved in knowledge creation. Both individual and collective, supporting multiple learning styles and promoting understanding. Final assessments to provide evidence of the impact of this teaching approach in the targeted audience are necessary. A scoring rubric system can communicate expectation of quality around a task and delineate consistent criteria for grading. Because the grading criteria is public, allows teachers and students alike to evaluate complex and subjective criteria Picture from http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/five-teachers-a-day-assaulted-by-students/story-e6frea83-1226427544788#
- #12: Hence, if we intend that our program is current and up to date standards we need to implement the new available technology. There is currently a multiplicity of Web 2.0 tools that can be applied to pathology residency training. Some Web 2.0 tools such as prezi, flickr, youtube, and facebook are easier to implement in resident activities such as journal clubs, lecture schedule and didactic conferences In 1956, Benjamin Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation. Verb examples that represent intellectual activity on each level are listed here. This slide shows my adapted taxonomy wheel for a pathology program. It groups web 2.0 resources according to: creation, evaluation, analysis, application, understanding, and remembering.
- #13: These tools can be easily integrated into many educational activities. slide shows a workflow example on how to implement Web 2.0 technology for a didactic conference. Note: I have created some videos posted in you tube showing detailed information on how to implement these steps
- #14: This slide shows a workflow example on how to implement Web 2.0 technology for a didactic conference. Note: I have created some videos posted in you tube showing detailed information on how to implement these steps
- #15: In the past few years there has been some dissatisfaction among faculty and residents regarding the academic curriculum.
- #16: I decided to apply the six-step approach to curriculum development to see where the problem was and find some solutions.
- #17: I identified several problems in the current curriculum affecting residents, faculty, and administrative staff. Lectures were planned by the chief residents a few weeks in advanced and in random topics. Residents have to commute large distances to attend lectures at the main campus. Administrative staff was overwhelmed with many changes in the schedule.
- #18: I conducted informal discussions with most residents to further identify the problems. The ACGME resident survey was also used to identify weak areas. Results showed 79% of the residents were satisfied with the scholarly activities and 71% of the residents were satisfied about use of evaluation to improve. These were the lowest scores in the survey.
- #19: I proceeded to set goals and objectives for the new curriculum. I wrote an details document that was distributed among both residents and faculty. Note: this will be shown as an addendum
- #20: The schedule calendar was completely restructured to maintain congruence between the objectives and methods. Futhermore, similar topics where grouped and will be given at the same time. I also introduced the “BlackBoard” educational platform to the faculty and residents. Note: I created a detailed document and a video explaining both faculty and residents on how to use and integrate BlackBoard to the educational activitied.
- #21: I introduced BlackBoard to both faculty and residents. All user accounts were created. Each course has now its own electronic folder where teachers can upload content.
- #22: Finally, an anonymous resident survey will be deployed after each module. Also, teacher will assess resident performance.
- #23: In July 1st we launched the new academic curriculum. To introduce this curriculum I distributed the following video among faculty and students.
- #25: The new academic curriculum will be a 2-year cycle and will focus on high yield anatomical and clinical pathology topics. The course is organized by the different organ system arranged as modules. There will be a resident satisfaction survey and teacher evaluations at the end of each module. Note: I created a detailed document and a video explaining both faculty and residents about this modules.
- #26: I have introduced the blackboard virtual learning environment for all educational activities. Lectures, goals and objectives for each module, educational material, assignments and evaluations will be in this platform.