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- 1. Ifugao State University College of Arts and Sciences August 2022- December 2022 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Grazel Sian T. Bucahan Instructor
- 2. I. Course Code: GEC 212 II. Course Title : Purposive Communication III. Credit Units : 3.0 IV. Course Description: The course, Purposive Communication is about writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and for various purposes (CMO 20 s 2013). This three-unit course develops students’ communicative competence and enhances their cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks that provide them opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a multicultural audience in a local or global context. It equips students with tools for critical evaluation of a variety of texts and focuses on the power of language and the impact of images to emphasize the importance of conveying messages responsibly. The knowledge, skills, and insights that students gain from this course may be used in their other academic endeavors, their chosen disciplines, and their future careers, as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual and/or web-based output for various purposes.
- 3. Performance % Class Standing (Classroom performance) 70% Attendance and Attitude 5% Individual Tasks 30% Group Tasks 30% Class Participation 5% Examinations 30% TOTAL: 100% GRADING SYSTEM
- 9. Class Policy (Netiquette, data privacy, etc.) 1.Submit activities and tests on time. Late submission shall receive point deductions. 2.Do not submit plagiarized works. Submission of such means automatic zero (0) grade. 3.In case of online classes, follow ethical guidelines and standards (online etiquette / netiquette). 4.Group chat has been created for academic purposes only. Respect to one another should be observed. 5.Uphold confidentiality in GC and in online class. 6.Learning materials (soft copy, printed, audio and video) that are given to you should not be uploaded or distributed. Those are for IFSU use only. 7.Independent learning is encouraged. In case you have something to clarify, consult your Instructor. 8.Give thoughtful feedback. Channel concerns and comments to the instructor through a proper way. 9.Consultation hours is everyday 8:00am-9:00am and 4:00pm -5:00pm
- 10. Statement of Disclosure Course Expectations Make sure that you understand your teacher’s expectations from you in the course. Read the course syllabus and attend university, college, department and class orientations. Take note of policies regarding due dates of activities, quizzes, and assignments, and printing materials if desired. If you have any questions about what you are expected to do in the course, contact your instructor immediately by email, chat, or by using the other contact information given on the course information pages. Do not contact your instructor for technical support that is unrelated to course content. Some common activities that you may be expected to do in your course are as follows: 1.reading and taking notes on course material, 2.participating in online discussions, 3.taking online/offline quizzes, 4.submitting online/offline assignments 5.communicating with your teacher/professor and/or classmates by email, google classroom or messenger.
- 11. • When taking an online course, you should expect 1. to have access to your course one week prior to the beginning of the semester (online classes only), 2. to receive timely responses to your email from your teacher/professor, 3. to be aware of your standing in the course by the notification deadlines, • • Proctored Exams • Exams will be administered online via the official learning platform used in the course. Offline administration of exams can be done when student cannot access the online course but with proper supervision and proctoring.
- 12. Online Code of Conduct Students have the right to express themselves and participate freely in an online class. However, they are expected to treat each other and the instructor with courtesy and respect. Offensive or inappropriate language is not to be used in any form of communication e.g., emails, discussion postings, group projects, submitted assignments. Students are allowed to disagree with each other or the instructor but must do so in a civil manner. The discussion area (Messenger chat, google classroom commenting) of the course is reserved for postings related to course work only. Postings of a personal or non-academic nature are not permitted and may be removed by the instructor should they appear. Grades and personal issues should be handled by private email or chat to the instructor. Emails or chats to the instructor that are considered offensive or inappropriate will be sent back to the writer with a request to rewrite and resubmit. If the emails continue to be unacceptable, the student will be referred to the Academic Office. If students receive inappropriate emails from others in the class they should notify the instructor and appropriate action will be taken. Students are expected to submit work which is their own. Plagiarism or cheating will not be tolerated. If either is the case the student may have his/her grade for the assignment/quiz lowered or may fail the course.
- 13. • Academic Honesty and Student Policies 1. All applicable college policies regarding student affairs should be adhered to at all times. Attendance In the online conduct of class (Google meet/Zoom meeting), students are given the responsibility to attend especially at times when they cannot access/download the video lectures posted on the learning platform. Students are be expected to log in regularly to the learning platform used in the course in order to keep up with the course materials. Remember that logging in to the course does not mean just logging into the learning platform; but students need to browse for updates and do tasks as posted. Students should then check the course materials for new items. Technical Support Contact your instructor if you have questions and concerns regarding the access of your course materials for some technical support/guidance. Phone: +639454218920 E-mail: sianbucahan@gmail.com
- 15. Introduction "The art of communication is the language of leadership." (James Humes) It is a mistake to believe that communication is a simple process. Although people communicate with one another every day, the real question is whether the ideas one has expressed are truly understood by another.
- 16. Why do we need to master how to communicate?
- 17. 1.Effective communication can breach peace, spark revolutions, and affect change in government. 2. To organize one's thoughts, control one's emotions, use one's words to articulate concepts and arguments, and express oneself in the best way possible. 3. Honing one's communication skills can also bring about success to one's personal and professional life. 4. To work smoothly as a team, communication is indispensable.
- 19. One way of thinking about communication processes is by looking at the different communication models available. According to Denis Mcquail and Sven Windahl (2013), in their book Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communications, "a model seeks to show the main elements of any structure or process and the relationship between these elements... it helps in explaining by providing in a simplified way information which would otherwise be complicated or ambiguous."
- 20. The earliest model comes from Aristotle at around 5 B.C. In the model, Aristotle explains that speakers should adjust their messages according to their audience and the occasion to achieve a particular effect. Let us apply this to a modern example.
- 21. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, then US President Franklin Roosevelt delivered a stirring speech to declare war on Japan on December 8 (National Geographic, 2017).
- 22. Based on the information, complete the detail: SPEAKER: SPEECH: OCCASION: AUDIENCE: EFFECT:
- 23. The speaker, in this case, was US President Franklin Roosevelt and his speech was crafted especially for the occasion, filled with strong words that were crisp and straight to the point. The occasion was the US President's response to the attack on Pearl Harbor; the main audience was the US Congress; and the effect was to persuade members of Congress to declare war on Japan, which they did, with only one dissenting vote.
- 24. Model of Communication 1.Aristotle’s Model of Communication 2.Shannon-Weaver’s Model of Communication 3.Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication 4.White’s Stages of Oral Communication
- 25. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
- 26. The Aristotle Model of Communication diagram can roughly be divided into five elements. The speaker is the most important element, making this model a speaker-oriented model. It is the speaker’s task to give a speech to the public. The role of the audience is passive. This makes the Aristotle Model of Communication a one-way model, from speaker to receiver.
- 27. According to the Aristotle Model of Communication, the speaker is the main figure in communication. This person is fully responsible for all communication. In this model of communication, it is important that the speaker selects his words carefully. He must analyze his audience and prepare his speech accordingly.
- 29. The elements of the communication model: 1. Information source- produces a message 2. Transmitter- encodes messages into signals 3. Channel- signals are adapted for transmission 4. Receiver- decodes the message from the signal 5. Destination- where the message arrives 6. Noise- any interference with the message along the channel
- 30. Practical Example of Shannon-Weaver model of communication : Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you”. During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback) “what do you want Thomson”. Sender : Thomson Encoder : Telephone (Thomson) Channel : Cable Noise : Distraction in voice Reception : Telephone (Assistant) Receiver : Assistant.
- 32. The Osgood-Schramm model of communication is explained as a model where communication between the sender and receiver occurs in a circular rather than a linear way. Being a circular communication model implies that both the sender and receiver continually share information and ideas.
- 33. Schramm's model has several components, as discussed below: •Sender: This is the person who encodes (converts) and sends the message. •Message: This is the content being shared between the parties. •Receiver: This is the person who decodes (interprets) the message. •Feedback: This refers to the message that a receiver sends back to the source. •Semantic barriers: The backgrounds, beliefs, experiences, and values that influence how the sender conveys a message and how the receiver interprets it.
- 34. Example: Barry just sat in traffic for two hours on his way home from work. When he finally returned home, his wife, Tracy, was extremely happy to see him and greeted him with an exuberant, "Hi, hubby!", to which Barry, still agitated from having sat in traffic, replied, "Oh, shut up."
- 35. White’s Stages of Oral Communication
- 36. Eugene White’s model recognizes feedback as a part of the communication process. He described the process as sequential and cyclical, following the eight stages of oral communication. These stages are thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedbacking, and monitoring. Although White’s model recognizes the interaction of the sender and the receiver of the message, it fails to consider the active role of the receiver of the message in the process.
- 37. Let's take a look at the seven stages of the process in more detail: 1. Source The "source" is the sender of the message – in other words, you! And the "message" refers to the information and ideas that you want to deliver. 2. Encoding This stage involves putting your message into a format that you can send, and that the receiver will be able to easily understand or "decode." 3. Channel There are countless different channels that you can use to send your message. Verbal communications channels include face-to-face meetings, telephone and videoconferencing. While written communications include letters, reports, emails, instant messaging (IM), and social media posts. You might also want to include videos, photos, illustrations, or charts and graphs in your message to emphasize your main point.
- 38. 4. Decoding Successfully decoding a message is as much a skill as encoding it is. To accurately decode a message, you need to take the time to read through it carefully. 5. Receiver No doubt, you'll want your audience members to react in a certain way or take a specific action in response to your message. Remember, though, that each person is different, and will interpret it subjectively.
- 39. The ability to communicate clearly and effectively has become an increasingly sought-after skill in the workplace. Despite this, it's one that many people struggle with. You can become a more capable communicator by gaining a better understanding of the Communications Process – that is the process we go through each time that we communicate with someone. It includes seven stages: 1.Source. 2.Encoding. 3.Channel. 4.Decoding. 5.Receiver. 6.Feedback. 7.Context.
- 40. Activity 1: 1.Choose one Model of Communication and think of an example to explain the model. 2.Cite two common barriers in communication and give ways on how to fix those barriers.
- 41. What is ETHICS? What is the importance of ethics in communication?
- 42. What is Communication Ethics? Definition: Communication ethics is defined as the moral principles that govern ‘right and wrong aspects, or moral and immoral dimensions’ of communications for an individual, different professional entities, corporations, or businesses.
- 43. What is Communication Ethics? Communication ethics requires being conscious of the results of one’s actions and behaviors and respecting and tolerating differences of opinions or viewpoints. An ethical type of communication is important because it emphasizes people’s responsibility to maintain society’s peace. With the rise of fake news in today’s culture, the significance of communication ethics has never been more critical
- 44. Fundamentals of Communication Ethics 1. Transparency and openness The most fundamental principle of communication ethics is truthfulness and honesty. 2. Development of relationships People can express themselves through communication to build relationships.
- 45. 3. Considering difficulties Consider any relevant aspect that may affect how the recipient interprets or receives the information while using communication ethics. According to ethical communication standards, the speaker should use whatever options are needed to minimize the barriers to communication and guarantee that the information is comprehended and understood well by the listeners.
- 46. Different barriers to communication ethics: 1. Language Speakers must use language that listeners comprehend to communicate ethically. It would also be inappropriate to deliver the material with a segment in English and only sections of the data in the non-English speaking audience’s chosen language.
- 47. 2. Technology It is taken for granted that advanced technology is available. Not everyone has access to technology platforms or applications.
- 48. 3. Jargon Every filed has its dialect. It is ethical to use plain, easy-to-understand language while speaking. Avoid using excessive jargon, as this will make parts of the conversation unclear to some of the
- 49. Principles of Communication Ethics 1. Active listening To be effective, communication ethics requires the listener to actively listen to the speaker, rather than only hearing what they want to hear or only hearing portions of the discussion. This also includes, just for explanation, asking questions when a topic is not entirely comprehended.
- 50. 2. Being nonjudgmental Communicating ethically and briefly means interacting with each recipient nonjudgmentally, avoiding unwanted conflict. Judgment obstructs communication and leads to misunderstandings. The unnecessary argument is never good for business.
- 51. 3. Honesty Being honest is communicating to a listener what is based on fact, with no intention of misleading or only presenting parts of the point. It also includes remaining objective without modifying the statement to what the speaker wants the audience to believe. The goal of communication ethics is to allow the listener to think whatever they want based on the provided material.
- 52. 4. Avoid negativity When talking ethically, it is assumed that the speaker will avoid being impolite and will use delicacy. The ethical communicator understands that it’s not just about what you say but also about how you say it. One of the most critical aspects of communication is tone.
- 53. Answer the following questions? 1.In today’s society, why is it important to be ethical in your communication? 2. When you think of world leaders or your country’s leader, would you say that they have been communicating ethically?
- 54. Identify ethical issues: Read and analyze the following situation and answer the questions below. Juan is a journalist working in competitive broadcasting company. In one of his interviews with a famous actress about her divorce with her husband. The actress stated that the reason for the divorce was due to their constant arguments. Juan wrote an article about this and the title of the article was, “Famous actress abused by husband.” Is there a violation on the ethics of communication? Explain.