Perception

Perception
Dr. Jayesh Patidar
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

www.drjayeshpatidar.blogsp
ot.com
22/6/2015

3www.drjayeshpatidar.blogsp
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2/6/2015

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2/6/2015

 “ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS THEY
ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.”
2/6/2015 11www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

Introduction
 When our sensory-organs comes in
contact with the world and are stimulated
by the external stimuli and receive the
sensations it result in perception.
 Sensation is the initial response of an
individual to the stimuli.
 Perception is the interpretation of
sensory stimuli which reach the sense
organs and the brain.

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Organizational Behavior
13
Perception
 What is Perception?
 How we view and interpret the events
and situations in the world about us.
 Why is it Important?
 Because people’s behavior is based on
their perception of what reality is, not
on reality itself.
2/6/2015

Definition
 Perception is the experience of object,
events or relationships obtained by
extracting the information from and
interpreting the sensations.
(OR)
 A process by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory impressions
in order to give meaning to their
environment.

Process of perception
 Perception is the process by which we
discriminate among the stimuli and
interpret their meanings.
 Eg: when we hear a sound we are able
to identify it as being produced by a car
or a bus. Perception gives meaning to
sensation.

The Perceptual Process
1. Sensation
 An individual’s ability to
detect stimuli in the
immediate
environment.
2. Selection
 The process a person
uses to eliminate some
of the stimuli that have
been sensed and to
retain others for further
processing.
3.Organization
 The process of placing
selected perceptual
stimuli into a
framework for
“storage.”
4.Translation
 The stage of the
perceptual process at
which stimuli are
interpreted and given
meaning.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogsp
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Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,
Location,Size,contrast,
Movement,repetition,similarity
,
Organizing
Figure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Response
Covert: Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Overt: Behavior
Perceptual Process
Interpreting
Attribution ,
Halo Effect, Projection
2/6/2015

 Perception: is a process
by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to
their environment.

Principles Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
We impose visual organization on stimuli
W.E. Hill, 1915 German postcard, 1880

Illusory
Contours
The Kanisza triangle as figure-ground illusory contours

Three Main Principles:
Grouping (proximity, similarity,
continuity, closure)
Goodness of figures
Figure/ground relationships

Grouping:
Law of Proximity

Grouping:
Law of Similarity

Grouping: Law of Similarity: Shape, Scale, Color2/6/2015 25www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

Law of Good Continuation, or
Continuity
Objects arranged in either a
straight line or a smooth
curve tend to be seen as a
unit.

Law of Closure

Law of Common Fate

Goodness of Figure, or the Law of Pragnanz
(Pragnanz is German for Pregnant, but in the sense of
pregnant with meaning, not with child!)

Figure/Ground relationships
Figure – seen as the foreground
Ground – seen as the background
Contours – “belong” to the figure

Reversible Figure/Ground
relationship

relationship
Can be affected by the
principle of smallness:
Smaller areas tend to be seen
as figures against a larger
background.

Relationship:
Tessellation – interlocking
figure/ground
M.C. Escher

 Gestalt laws of Grouping organize the
visual scene into units
 The Law of Pragnanz, or Goodness of
Figure creates the simplest most meaningful
pattern
 Figure/Ground relationships define
important parts of the scene

Factors influencing perception
 Sense organs
 Brain
 Memory images of the past experience
 Personal interests & mind set
 Acquired interest
 Needs and desires

Errors in perception
 Illusion
 Hallucination

CAUSES FOR INACCURATE
PERCEPTION
 Defective functioning of sense organs
 Inadequate stimulus
 Too many stimuli at one time
 Poor health
 Limited attention
 Figure merges in the ground
 Guidance
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com 372/6/2015

NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF
PERCEPTION
 Accurate perception & observation are very important
for a nurse to provide quality care to a patient.
 If she is not a keen observer she will not be able to
note some very critical or important symptoms with
the result that some times the patient may die
premature.
 Accurate perception & observation will help the nurse
to gather accurate information & knowledge which will
help the nurse to learn more easily, adjust more
quickly to new situations.

Count…
With accurate perception nurses memory
improve, recording & reporting is more
accurate & is helpful for the patient &
other health team members.
All types of false perceptions, illusions
should be scrupulously avoided by her.

Thank
you

Perception

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Perception