Philosophical and ethical foundations of values
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The document discusses philosophical and ethical foundations related to values, emphasizing the significance of good motives tied to justice and truth. It explores the classifications of acts based on various factors, the importance of law in maintaining order, and the types of law, including human and divine positive law. Additionally, it categorizes human acts based on moral alignment and the conditions under which they are performed.
Philosophical and ethical foundations of values
- 1. PHILOSOHICA L & ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF VALUES
- 2. GOOD MOTIVE An act of a person is not only a use of energy in both mental and bodily activity. A good motive is pertaining to justice and truth. Too much indulgence of the self is a form of personal injustice to oneself.
- 3. CLASSIFICATIONOF AN ACT 1. WHO doer or receiver of the act; includes status, age, educational attainment, family background and economic status of the person 2. WITH WHOM companion in the performance of an act 3. HOW manner how the act is made or performed
- 4. CLASSIFICATIONOF AN ACT 4. WHAT quantity & quality of the act committed 5. WHERE place where the act was committed 6. WHY objectives done by the doer 7. WHEN time when the act was done
- 5. LAW& ITS IMPORTANCE Law is a branch of knowledge concerned with jurisprudence. It is a rule of conduct recognized by custom or by formal enactment. Laws are essential to guide men towards what is desirable for them and for the whole society
- 6. LAW& ITS IMPORTANCE Without laws, there will be chaos and each one will act according to their will without giving value for the common good. Without laws, we cannot find our ultimate purpose in life.
- 7. DIFFERENT KINDS OF LAW 1. HUMAN POSITIVE LAW laws promulgated by a legitimate authority may be in state or church made to create peace and order in our society 2. DIVINE POSITIVE LAW laws promulgated by special command of God
- 8. DIFFERENT KINDS OF LAW Human Positive Law and Divine Positive Law originated from the Eternal Law. Eternal Law is the law designed by God as a Supreme Creator of things. Moral law binds in conscience what has to be done right and avoid wrongdoings.
- 9. VALUES ON HUMANACTS HUMAN ACTS ACTS OF MAN Actions which man can perform freely, voluntarily, and has the capability of knowing it Done by having awareness of what oneself is doing Performed by own will or volition by acting freely and not by force or duress (wilful act) Actions which really happen in man unexpectedly Instinctive and not within the control of his will Actions biological and physiological in man such as inspiration, love, jealousy, and anger
- 10. KINDS OF HUMANACTS 1. ELICITED ACTS acts performed by will excluding the volition on bodily movement 2. COMMANDED ACTS performed either by man’s mental and bodily movement but under the command of the will
- 11. KINDS OF HUMANACTS COMMANDED ACTS *Internal Actions recalling, reasoning or controlling emotions *External Actions may be performed through reading, listening, walking, jumping, etc. *Combination of internal & external: reading, driving, writing a letter, studying
- 12. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ACTIONS 1. MORAL ACTIONS actions in conformity with the norms of morality; good actions (telling the truth, working, loving a friend, paying obligation) 2. IMMORAL ACTIONS actions not in conformity with the norms of morality; not permissible because they are bad/evil (committing adultery, stealing, murder, lying) 3. AMORAL ACTIONS actions which stand neutral in the norms of morality; may be good/bad (watching movie while cutting classes)