The DECS Values Education Framework

CHAPTER 2
VALUES EDUCATION FOR
THE FILIPINOS
THE DECS VALUES
EDUCATION FRAMEWORK

Rationale
VALUE
A thing has value when it is perceived as
good and desirable. Food, money, and
housing have value because they are
perceived as good; and the desire to
acquire them influences attitudes and
behavior.

Values are the bases of judging what
attitudes and behavior are correct and
desirable and what are not.
It is, therefore, of crucial importance
that there be an appropriate framework
as well as strategy for providing the
context and operational guidelines for
implementing a values education
program.

The values education framework
hereby suggested is designed to translate
values from the abstract into the
practical.
Values such as discipline and concern
for the poor are ineffective unless they
are internalized and translated into
action. Therefore, there is a need for
values education that is meaningful and
effective.

VALUES EDUCATION
Values Education as a part of the
school curriculum is the process by
which values are formed in the learner
under the guidance of the teacher and as
he interacts with his environment. But it
involves not just any kind of teaching-
learning process.

The following have to be considered by anyone who
is involved in values education.
1. The subject matter itself – VALUES –
has direct and immediate relevance to
the personal life of the learner.
2. The process in not just cognitive but
involves all the faculties of the learner.
3. One learns values the way children learn
many things from their parents. Hence,
the teacher’s personal values play an
important role in values learning.

Values Education Program
Values have a social function:
commonly held values unite the families,
tribes, societies, and nations. They are
essential to the democratic way of life,
which puts a high premium of freedom
and the rule of law. After the Revolution
in EDSA in February 1986, the DECS
made values education a primary thrust.

Finally, the DECS thrust found
strong support in the Philippine
Constitution of 1987 in its vision of
“a just and humane society,” which
calls for a shared culture and
commonly held values such as “truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace.”

GOAL
“To provide and promote values
education at all levels of the educational
system for the development of the
human person committed to the building
of a just and humane society and an
independent and democratic nation.”

Objectives of the Program
Proper implementation of the program will
develop Filipinos who:
1. Are self- actualized, integrally developed
human beings imbued with a sense of human
dignity;
2. Are social beings with a sense of responsibility
for their community and environment

3. Are productive persons who contribute to the
economic security and development of the
family and the nation;
4. As citizens, have a deep sense of nationalism,
and committed to the progress of the nation as
well as of the entre world community through
global solidarity; and
5. Manifest in actual life an abiding faith in God
as a reflection of his spiritual being.

Principles and Guidelines
It should be guided by the following general
principles:
1. It must be oriented toward the total person of
the learner – mind, heart, and entire being.
2. It must take into consideration the unique role
of the family in one’s personal development
and integration into society and nation.
3. In the school context, more important than
lesson plan and any list of values are the
teachers themselves who have the proper
sense of values, awareness of their inner
worth, and outmost respect for the person of
the other.

Values Conceptual Framework
The Values Conceptual Framework,
herein described, is intended as a guide
and form of teaching aid in the
implementation of the Values Education
Program.

WHAT IT IS:
• It is descriptive: it is an attempt at an orderly
description of a desirable value system on the
basis of an understanding of the human person.
• It is conceptual: it lists ideals which have to be
internalized in the educational process.
• It is intended to be applicable in varying
degrees to all three levels of the educational
system.
• It is broad and flexible enough for adaptation
to specific contexts.

WHAT IT IS NOT:
• It is not prescriptive
• It is not exhausted
• It makes no statement on regional, local,
and the institutional needs and
priorities.

WHAT IT USES:
• It is desirable that regions, localities, and
institutions construct their own values map,
with clearly defined priorities, suited to their
peculiar context and needs.
Several Filipino cultural values such as
pakikisama, utang na loob, hiya, bayanihan,
productivity, national solidarity, justice truth,
freedom, honesty, etc. Must be considered in
the values education program.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE PROGRAM
The Human Person
The values education program is
based on the philosophy of the human
person. It is grounded on a rational
understanding of the Filipino in his
historical ad cultural context, which
undergirds the Philippine Constitution of
1987.

The human person is the subject of
education: he is a human person learning
and being taught. The human person is
also the object: the human person is at
the centre of the curriculum and the
entire program. It is for the attainment
of “Just and Humane Society.”

(1) The person is an individual self-
conscious being of incalculable value in
himself (Art. I, Sec II; Art XII, Sec. I)who
cannot be a mere instrument of the
society and of the state. He is not just
body and soul juxtaposed or mixed as
oil or water; but he is an embodied
spirit. Hence, his physical, intellectual,
moral and spiritual well-being is
recognized by the State(Art. II, Sec 13).

As a physical being, he has material
needs.
He is intellectual, equipped as he is with
an intellect whose activity is to know,
with a view to transforming himself, society
and the world.
As moral being, he is endowed with a
free will which searches for the good and
whose motive force is love.
His personhood is oriented to Almighty
God from which he derives his spiritual
nature.

(2) The human person, however, does not live in
isolation but in community with other persons –
physical, intellectual, moral and spiritual like
himself. Hence, he is inevitably (Art. II, Sec.
13).
He belongs to a family, that basic unit of
society or – in the words of the Constitution,
“the foundation of the nation”(Art. XV, Sec. 1).
As social being, he participates in defining
the goals and destinies of the community and
in achieving the common good.

He is also an economic being. Concerns for
livelihood , production, etc.
Lastly, he is a political being. And as of (Art.
II, Sec. 17) as pursuing the goal of “social
progress” and “total human liberation and
development.”

CORE VALUES
One of the foregoing philosophy of
the human person, the supreme and
overarching value that characterizes the
educational process is human dignity;
the human person is of infinite value.
(Art. II, Sec. II; Art. XII, Sec. 1)

RELATED VALUES
In the DECS values education
framework, the ff. Are considered the
core values that must be given emphasis
(based on Figure 3)

DIMENSIONS
PHYSICAL
INTELLECTUAL
VALUES
Health
Physical Fitness
Cleanliness
Harmony w/ the material
universe
Beauty
Art
Truth
Knowledge
Creative and critical
Thinking

MORAL Love
Integrity/Honesty
Self-Worth/Self-Esteem
Personal Discipline
SPIRITUALITY Spirituality
Faith in God

SOCIAL Social Responsibility
Mutual Love/Respect
Fidelity
Responsible Parenthood
Concern for Other/Common
Good
Freedom/Equality
Social Justice/Respect for HR
Peace/Active-Non-Violence
Popular Participation
ECONOMIC Economic Efficiency
Thrift/Conversation of
Resources
Work Ethic
Self-Reliance
Productivity

Scientific and
Technological
Knowledge
Vocational Efficiency
Entrepreneurship
POLITICAL Nationalism
Common Identity
National Unity, Esteem
for Nat’l Heroes
Commitment/Civic
Consciousness/Pride,
Bayanihan/Solidarity/
Loyalty to Country
Global Solidarity
International
Understanding and
Cooperation

The DECS Values Education Framework

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