PHP Basic & Variables
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The document provides an overview of PHP, a server-side scripting language, including its capabilities, compatibility with databases like MySQL, and basic syntax. It covers fundamental concepts such as variables, conditional statements, and the structure of PHP files. Additionally, it outlines how to get started with PHP by setting up a web server or using a hosting plan.
PHP Basic & Variables
- 1. Lecturer: M.Zalmai “Rahmani” rahmani.zalmai@gmail.com Web Programming II Lecture 02 PHP Basic & Variables Azma Institute Database Department
- 2. PHP Basic What is PHP? PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) PHP is an open source software PHP is free to download and use
- 3. PHP Basic What is a PHP File? PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml"
- 4. PHP Basic What is MySQL? MySQL is a database server MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications MySQL supports standard SQL MySQL compiles on a number of platforms MySQL is free to download and use
- 5. PHP Basic What is MySQL? MySQL is a database server MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications MySQL supports standard SQL MySQL compiles on a number of platforms MySQL is free to download and use PHP + MySQL PHP combined with MySQL (you can develop inWindows and serve on a Unix platform)
- 6. PHP Basic Why PHP? PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.) PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.) PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP resource: www.php.net PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side Where to Start? To get access to a web server with PHP support, you can: Install Apache (or IIS) on your own server, install PHP, and MySQL Or find a web hosting plan with PHP and MySQL support
- 7. PHP Basic PHP Syntax A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document. On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a scripting block with <? and end with ?>
- 8. PHP Basic PHP Syntax A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script which sends the text "Hello World" to the browser:
- 9. PHP Basic PHP Syntax A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script which sends the text "HelloWorld" to the browser: Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon.The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another. There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print. In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text "Hello World". Note:The file must have a .php extension. If the file has a .html extension, the PHP code will not be executed.
- 10. PHP Basic PHP Syntax Comments in PHP In PHP, we use // to make a single-line comment or /* and */ to make a large comment block.
- 11. PHP Variables Variables in PHP Variables are used for storing values, like text strings, numbers or arrays. When a variable is declared, it can be used over and over again in your script. All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol. The correct way of declaring a variable in PHP: New PHP programmers often forget the $ sign at the beginning of the variable. In that case it will not work. Let's try creating a variable containing a string, and a variable containing a number:
- 12. PHP Variables PHP is a LooselyTyped Language PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value. In a strongly typed programming language, you have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it. In PHP, the variable is declared automatically when you use it. Naming Rules forVariables A variable name must start with a letter or an underscore "_" A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ ) A variable name should not contain spaces. If a variable name is more than one word, it should be separated with an underscore ($my_string), or with capitalization ($myString)
- 13. PHP Variables The Concatenation Operator There is only one string operator in PHP. The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together. To concatenate two string variables together, use the concatenation operator:
- 14. PHP Operators PHP Operators This section lists the different operators used in PHP.
- 17. Conditional Statement Conditional Statements Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. In PHP we have the following conditional statements: if statement - use this statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true if...else statement - use this statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if the condition is false if...else if....else statement - use this statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed switch statement - use this statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed
- 18. Conditional Statement The if Statement Use the if statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true.
- 19. Conditional Statement The if …. else Statement Use the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false. If more than one line should be executed if a Condition is true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces
- 20. Conditional Statement The if …. Else if….else Statement Use the if....else if...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed.
- 21. Conditional Statement The PHP Switch Statement is not Recommend in this Course