Plagiarism
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The document defines plagiarism as presenting others' work as one's own without proper citation or credit. It discusses different types of plagiarism, including intentional copying of others' work and unintentional failures to properly cite sources. Reasons for student plagiarism include lack of time, laziness, poor research skills, and perceptions of acceptable cheating. The consequences of plagiarism include damaged reputation and legal or monetary penalties. Tips are provided for avoiding plagiarism through understanding what constitutes plagiarism and properly citing all sources.
Plagiarism
- 3. Definition: The word plagiarism is derived from the latin word “plagiare”, which means to kidnap or abduct. Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own.
- 4. Types of Plagiarism: Intentional • Copying a friend’s work • Buying or borrowing papers • Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting • Media “borrowing” (ex: using a google image) without documentation • Web publishing without permission of creators Unintentional • Careless paraphrasing • Poor documentation • Quoting excessively • Failure to use your own electronic sources • Taking work you have created elsewhere and turning it in again without changes
- 5. Other types of plagiarism: • Copying text "as is" without quotation marks and with no citation or source. • Reordering the elements of the source text without citation. • Copying pieces (sentences, key phrases) of the source text without citation. • Paraphrasing without citation • Reproducing information that is not common knowledge or self evident without citation. • Incorporating an idea heard in conversation without citation. • Paying for another to contribute to your work without citation. • Using software or online translators to translate material without citation.
- 6. What is considered as plagiarism? • Taking quotations or passages directly without citation. • Taking ideas without giving credit • Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit • Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks • Giving incorrect information about the source of information. • Copying so many words or ideas that it makes up the majority of work, whether credit is given or not. • Taking work from previous work without reference to that work.
- 7. What forms can plagiarism take? • Word-for-word copying of another’s work without properly acknowledging the source of the information • Paraphrasing the work of another without acknowledgement • Failing to properly cite your source, even if that failure is inadvertent • Attributing information to a source from which it did not come • Submitting material created by another under your name • Submitting material created by yourself and others but claiming the work entirely as your own
- 8. Why students plagiarize • Not enough time to complete the assignment (procrastination, poor time management skills, or a busy schedule outside of school can all contribute to this) • Laziness • Lack of fundamental research skills (be aware that some plagiarism is inadvertent) • Careless research methods (e.g. failing to document sources used during the research process) • A fear that one’s own academic abilities are not adequate, leading one to seek a superior product
- 9. Why students plagiarize • Perceived pressure from external forces (parents, friends, scholarship committees, etc.) to maintain high grades • Cultural differences. In many non-Western societies, the idea of “owning” text or material is perplexing • Because cheating is perceived as acceptable in today’s society, as a way to ‘get ahead’ • A perceived lack of punishment by the instructor or the institution • Because it’s easy to do
- 10. The reasons behind plagiarism • The Writing Issue It is not true that one can be a very good writer if he is good in other fields • The Pressure Factor The people who are seen intelligent and famous has got lots of pressures of doing many things • Hubris The most important and intelligent peoples are unseen usually others don’t believe that they can do anything wrong
- 11. • Usually we don’t have time • We have easy access to Internet • We are accustomed to have readymade things • We are losing our enthusiasm gradually • We don’t want to put much effort • We don’t want to waste our valuable time The reasons behind plagiarism
- 12. • Lack of Writing Skills. • Misconception/ ignorance of plagiarism. • Lack of strict academic discipline. • Lack of research methods skills. • Lack of referencing/citation skills. • Time factor. • Easily availability of reading materials/text on the internet. • Lack of knowledge or subject matter. • Lack of patience. • Cut-and-Paste culture in research and academic community. • Sheer lethargy. Cont….
- 13. Consequences of Plagiarism: • Destroyed Student Reputation • Destroyed Professional Reputation • Destroyed Academic Reputation • Legal Repercussions • Monetary Repercussions • Plagiarized Research
- 14. How to avoid plagiarism: • Understand what plagiarism is • Be familiar in the area that you are talking about • Restate the subject to yourself a couple of times • Reference your quotes and sources • When in doubt, give credit • Understand some basics about copyright • Understand what doesn't need to be cited
- 15. TIPS ON AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: • Familiarize yourself with the basics of the research writing process, including the citing of sources • Make note of all the sources you consult during the research process • Remember that paraphrasing the ideas of another still requires proper citation • Properly cite the sources you use in your paper • Proofread the final version of your paper to ensure that all the sources you used are cited correctly • If unsure whether to cite a source or how to cite it properly, ask your instructor