Plant structure cheat sheet ap bio
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in plant form and structure. It discusses the main tissue and cell types found in plants, including primary and secondary cell walls. It also describes the main plant organs - roots, stems, and leaves - and their functions. Roots anchor the plant and absorb nutrients, stems provide structure and transport nutrients, and leaves perform photosynthesis. The document outlines the types of meristematic and vascular tissues and their roles in plant growth and transport.
Plant structure cheat sheet ap bio
- 1. AP Biology - Core Concept Cheat Sheet 17: Plant Form Key Concepts Plant Tissue and Cell Types • Primary Cell Wall: Cell wall of parenchyma and meristems; Contains cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, all polysaccharides; Function: protection, shaping cells • Secondary Cell Wall: Cell wall of sclerenchyma, collenchyma and xylem; Have secondary deposits of lignified cellulose; Provide mechanical strength to the tissue. • Plasmodesmata: A structure connecting two neighboring cells for cell-cell communication. • Pits: Holes on cell wall to allow cell-cell communication. A pit may or may not contain a plasmodesmata. • Fibrous root: Roots branching and re-branching, most grass species have this type of roots • Tap root: Main root growing downward, the primary root, grows much larger than the secondary roots. Most of the trees have this type of root. • Apical Meristem: A type of embryonic tissue in plants consisting of unspecialized meristematic cells and found in tips of roots and shoots • Lateral meristem: Meristem tissues found in stems or roots for growing laterally (thicker). • Bud: A bud is an undeveloped shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Plant Body Root o Usually under the ground • Function o Anchor plants to soil o Absorb and transduct nutrients • Types o Major types: fibrous root and tap root o Modified roots have various functions such as food storage Leave Stem Root Stem o A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. • Function o Structural support (leave and fruit) o Growth through increase in diameter (girth) and elongation o Transport of fluids between the roots and the leaves. • Types o Tubers – potato, food storage o Stolons – strawberry; Generating new plants o Bulbs – Tulips, Onions, storage of food o Corms – Taros, Storage of Food Epidermal Tissue • Epidermal Cells: o A single layer of cells that cover plants o Secrets a layer of cuticular wax for protection • Guard Cells: o A specialized cell on the undersurface of leaves o A hole exists between a pair of guard cells o Controlling gas exchange and water loss • Trichomes/Roothairs o Hair-like outgrowth on the surface of a plant o Protective and absorbing nutrients Ground Tissue • Parenchyma Cells: o Most abundant, thin primary wall o Food storage, o Photosynthesis o Aerobic respiration • Collenchyma cells: o Collenchyma cells o Thick primary wall o Providing support for young tissue • Sclerenchyma cells o Rigid secondary Wall o Dead when mature o Support the plant Vascular Bundle Tissue • Xylem o The main water-conducting tissue. o Contains vessel elements and tracheids o Both cell types have rigid, lignin-containing secondary cell wall o Both dead when mature • Phloem o The principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants. o Contains sieve cells and sieve-tube members o These cells form tubes to conduct food Meristem: Plant embryonic tissues • Apical Meristem o Located on tips of stem or root • Lateral Meristem o For growth and thickening of stem and root Plant Cell Leave • Function o Photosynthesis Flowers • Function o Reproduction • Structure o An anther and a filament form a stamen, the male reproduction organ o Carpel is the female reproduction organ o Sepal and pedal RapidLearningCenter.com.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved