Drawing letters
for logos, lettering
& fonts
Workshop goals
Learn/remember some type design
fundamentals.
Improve the analysis of fonts/lettering
and proportions
Best practices and time-saving tips when
drawing digital letters.
This is my first attempt at drawing type circa 2002. Do not quit!
Content
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
5	 Resources
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
5	 Resources
Monogram (15-20 minutes).
Draw 2-3 name initials in pencil
or any kind of writing tool that
suits your personality.
Try different tools and see how
the outcome differs.
Aquecimento
1
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
5	 Resources
Fundamentals
2
Shapes that have the same absolute height…
Fundamentals
2
…need to be adjusted so they look the
same height. Forget math for a minute,
type design is all about your eyes!
HOAHOAHOA
Fundamentals
2
The same effect on letters.
Fundamentals
2
Math centering a vs. optic centering b.
Move objects up a little so they look
centered (and not falling).
A B
A B
Horizontal stems look bigger than vertical.
Which of these 2 look balanced?
A B
B is visually adjusted for this optical
illusion. Shorter horizontal stems, middle
bar moved up a little so it looks balanced.
A B
Which of these “io” looks better?
Increase curved areas so that they match
straights. B curves are the same width as
the straights, which doesn’t look right.
a: geometric vs optical construction.
These visual compensations are what
makes letter more legible and pleasing
to the eye. On the right is Futura.
Fundamentals
2
Bolder fonts will look smaller if they have
the same x-height. Increase the x-height
of bolder letters to compensate this effect.
finesse
finesse
Fundamentals
2
The heavier the letters, the smaller
the counters which calls for…
finesse
Fundamentals
2
… an adjustment in spacing so form
and counterforms look balanced.
finesse
Fundamentals
2
This looks clumsy.
Fundamentals
2
The white spaces are just as important
as the letters themselves.
Fundamentals
2
Always smooth out the joins of straight to
curved segments. Avoid the “bone effect”.
Fundamentals
2
Do not fear the Bézier curve. Ever!
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
5	 Resources
Some decisions to make
Final use
Style/Personality
Family planning: weights, styles etc.
Proportions
Legibility
Planning
3
Final use
Wayfinding Sans: Ralf Herrmann. Signage.Bell Centennial: Mathew Carter. Type for newsprint.
Verdana: Mathew Carter. Optimized for screen display. Akceler Alt: Andrej Dieneš. For sports magazines.
Planning
3
Personality/Family Planning
Primot
Guanabara Sans ‘13
Display Type (Primot/WIP) Lettering
Super family – multiple weights and styles.
Planning
3
H VH V
Contrast and style.
Planning
3
Ax Ax Ax
Planning
3
Altura de x
Guanabara Sans | Mrs. Eaves | Maple Black
AxPeles sernatur ad
endis endae omnisti
onemquatur?
Atiatiis quodit, si sum re
nus evel et quo temporeri
dolessinvel molut
exeraTur aut minus ulpa
alitat.
Voluptae senis ut
laborem perumquibus.
AxPeles sernatur ad endis
endae omnisti onemquatur?
Atiatiis quodit, si sum re
nus evel et quo temporeri
dolessinvel molut exeraTur
aut minus ulpa alitat.
Voluptae senis ut laborem
perumquibus. 
AxPeles sernatur ad
endis endae omnisti
onemquatur?
Atiatiis quodit, si
sum re nus evel et quo
temporeri dolessinvel
molut exeraTur aut
minus ulpa alitat.
Voluptae senis ut
laborem perumquibus.
x-Height affects word count. Same for
condesed/expanded fonts.
Guanabara Sans | Mrs. Eaves | Maple Black | 30/36pt
Planning
3
Proportions – top is not as well proportioned
as bottom. Study time tested fonts and train
your eyes for good proportions.
Hamburgefons
Hamburgefons
Myriad: Robert Slimbach/Carol Twombly
Planning
3
Calligraphic origin
Garamond
Didot
Scala Sans
Helvetica
ea
ea ea
ea
Planning
3
Niels Shoe Meulman Tony DiSpigna
Planning
3
Calligraphic origin
milliliter milliliter
milliliter milliliter
Guanabara Sans lowercas l is adjusted to be more readable.
Helvetica: l can be confused for an uppercase i.
Planning
2
Legibility Erik Spiekermann
Ok, nice.
But where to begin?
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
Tips
Method 1: Modular
Method 2: From Scans
Method 3: Strokes
Method 4: Straight up
Masters
5	 Resources
Sketch and define things early on.
Drawing
4
Drawing
4
Drawing
4
Hamburgefons
Adhesiontext
First words
Will help define the personality
and features of the other glyphs.
Drawing
4
Points at extrema
Drawing
4
Drawing
4
Points at extrema
HO no
Kickstart your font start with one straight
and one rounded letter.
You can define many letters from these basic shapes,
and it will give you a good starting point for spacing.
4
Drawing
HOHOHO
hohoho
Spacing
Para decidir o espaçejamento entre as letras, comece pelas
duplas HO maiúscula e minúscula. Assim você já tem muitos
espaçamentos resolvidos (lados circulares e retos).
4
Drawing
HDFEL
OQCD
MN WYX ZS
Groups of shapes (construction)
4
Drawing
oec pdbq
fjg nmu il
kzs vwyz
4
Drawing
Groups of shapes (construction)
ABC0123
For text fonts, numerals are a little shorter
than Capital Height so as not to overpower
them in text.
4
Drawing
Minion Pro
01234567890
01234567890
01234567890
Some types of numerals
4
Drawing
Copy paste?
nn»nu
4
Drawing
No sir (ma’am)!
nn»nu
Drawing
4
Start to love the blend tool (Interpolation)
AAALight BlackBook
Drawing
4
Use interpolation to test letter variations.
Drawing
4
MODULAR
Drawing
4
Drawing
4
Modular
Wim Crouwel
SCAN
Drawing
4
Drawing
4
Scan
Drawing
4
Vectorizing the scan
Drawing
4
Refining the scan
Drawing
4
Final result
Clube de roupas infantis
babycub
STROKES
Drawing
4
Width tool (Illustrator – Shift + W)
Drawing
4
Width Tool
Drawing
4
Width Tool
Drawing
4
Width Tool
Drawing
4
From strokes, you can also start simple
monoline letters like this S for example. But
remember, it will need lots of tweaking for
you to call it a letter.
STRAIGHT UP…
JUST GO FOR IT😈
MASTERS
Drawing
4
Hoefler & Frere Jones
House Industries
Adrian Frutiger
Doyald Young
Herb Lubalin
Alex Trochut
Louise Fili
1	 Warm-up exercice
2	 Key fundamentals
3	 Planning
4	 Drawing digital letters
5	 Resources
Resources
5
Learn more!
Briem.net: http://briem.net
Hoefler & Frere-Jones: http://www.typography.com/
Letritas: http://letritas.blogspot.com
Type Drawers: http://typedrawers.com
Typophile: http://typophile.com
Typotheque: https://www.typotheque.com/articles
Unos Tipos Duros: http://www.unostiposduros.com/
Type Workshop (Underware): http://www.typeworkshop.com/
Books
Logo, Font & Lettering Bible. http://goo.gl/4djGZt
The stroke, Theory of Writing. http://goo.gl/Xr9rR
Counterpunch. http://goo.gl/hcQVDo
Letterletter. http://goo.gl/PcGyjF
Designing Type. http://goo.gl/HZ7TL
Scripts: Elegant Lettering from Design’s Golden Age. http://goo.gl/qCqyb
Elementos do estilo tipográfico. http://goo.gl/sAAxZ
Stop Stealing Sheep. http://goo.gl/8YKUK1
Metro Letters. http://goo.gl/5CWs5e
Resources
5
THANK YOU!
	email	 rodrigo@plau.co
	link	 plau.co
	behance	 behance.net/plau
	twitter	 PlauStudio
	facebook	 facebook.com/plaudesign
a big thanks to: Vanessa Padua, Cristiano Junqueira, Betina Cupello and everybody at Saravah, Cida, Eddy e
Martha, Gu, Nina, Família Padua, Mark Mullin, Eduardo Varela, Lucas Azevedo, Daniel Campos, Matheus Fragoso,
all the designers and coders from Niramekko and Plau and everyone who inspired and taught me so much!
fonts: Guanabara Sans, SS Social, Futura, Myriad, Minion Pro, Motiva Sans, Bordonia, Primot.

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