PLS: Addressing Climate Change through Integrated Responses | Session 1
- 1. Virtual Peer Learning Summit Addressing climate change through integrated responses: Linking adaptation and mitigation While we get everyone into the room, please take this opportunity to: ● Think what you would like to gain from your participation in the summit – we suggest you write this down! ● Introduce yourself using the chat function. If you have tech challenges, let us know in the chat or email cburge@iisd.ca
- 2. Before we get started… Due to bandwidth constraints, please keep your cameras off until invited to turn them on. Please keep microphones muted until invited to intervene. Use the chat box to comment and ask questions. Today’s discussions will be recorded for limited distribution. They will not be posted publicly.
- 3. Welcome! CATHERINE FISHER Facilitator ANIKA TERTON Policy Advisor, NAP Global Network PAULINE PROBST Advisor, GIZ JULIA DONALDSON Communications & Research Assistant, NAP Global Network FELIPE GOMEZ Technical Coordinator, LEDS Global Partnership
- 4. Welcome Remarks BIRTE DERRIX Policy Advisor on Adaptation, German Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) CHRISTIAN LEDWELL Manager, NAP Global Network FELIPE GOMEZ Technical Coordinator, LEDS Global Partnership
- 5. Let’s get to know each other
- 6. Let’s get to know each other In small groups Introduce yourself and discuss why are are you here We will move you into breakout rooms Please unmute and turn your video on After 3 minutes we will move you to a different room Watch out for announcements at the top of your screen!
- 8. Today’s agenda Welcome Framing: Strengthening Linkages between Adaptation and Mitigation Individual reflection Nature-based Solutions: The experience of Peru Group Discussion The Eastern Caribbean Experience Panel Discussion Individual reflection Looking forward to the next Session
- 9. Plenary: Introduction to Strengthening Linkages between Adaptation and Mitigation? DR. CATHERINE GAMPER Climate Change Adaptation Specialist, OECD
- 10. STRENGTHENING ADAPTATION-MITIGATION LINKAGES FOR A LOW-CARBON, CLIMATE- RESILIENT FUTURE Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation 4 May 2021 NAP global network and LEDS Peer Learning Summit “Addressing Climate Change through Integrated Responses: Linking Adaptation and Mitigation” Session 1: Integrated climate policy making: Framing the issue
- 11. Adaptation-mitigation linkages: two sides of the same coin? • Climate resilience requires mitigation and adaptation actions • Mitigation and adaptation actions are often (and should) be distinct efforts, but many of them are linked; • Identifying linkages and designing policies that maximise synergies enhances effectiveness of climate resilience efforts “While countries strive to scale up their mitigation efforts, adaptation remains indispensable to protect communities from the detrimental impacts of climate variability and change.” (OECD, 2021)
- 12. • Californian Camp Fire (2018): USD 25.5 billion in settlement payments by PG&E; Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of infrastructure Sources: OECD, 2019 “Boosting Fiscal Resilience to Natural Disasters”; OECD, 2014 “Boosting Resilience through Innovative Risk Governance”; Infrastructure is affected by climate change • Hurricane Sandy (2012): 5.4 million commuters without transport; 8.5 million households without power;
- 13. • 60-70% of global GHG’s emitted by power plants, buildings and transport infrastructure • Infrastructure investment key behavioural determinant (e.g. use of public transport) Infrastructure development affects climate change Low-carbon infrastructure: • Railways; • Renewable energy; • Clean tech aviation; • Light individual transport; Source: International Transport Forum, 2020 “COVID-19 Transport Brief. Restoring air connectivity under policies to mitigate climate change” Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of infrastructure
- 14. 14 Cities contribute and are subject to the impacts of environmental degradation… Ø Cities contribute to climate change; Ø Cities are most affected by the impacts of climate change; Ø Air pollution; Ø Water and land pollution; Ø Resource degradation …. But they also lead and contribute some of the most innovative solutions to tackling these issues Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of cities
- 15. Opportunities - Adaptation-mitigation linkages Land (eg urban planning; EU Partnership on Climate Adaptation) Water (e.g. hydropower; International Partnership for Blue Carbon) Waste (e.g. waste to compost projects); Food (e.g. soil restoration measures; Farming for a Better Climate Initiative) Adaptation Mitigation Source: www.iStockphoto.com
- 16. Adaptation-mitigation linkages: differences, synergies and trade-offs Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
- 17. Nature-based solutions – operationalising links Decreasing sources & increasing sinks of GhGs Protecting against climate risks Boosting the economy Enhancing human wellbeing Nature-based solutions are: Measures that protect, sustainably manage or restore nature, with the goal of maintaining or enhancing ecosystem services to address societal challenges Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
- 18. • Reduce urban heat island effect • Reduce risk of flooding from storm water overflows • Reduce energy needs due to heating and cooling • Reduce speed and magnitude of downstream flooding • Reduce erosion and landslide risks • Carbon sequestration and storage Mitigation benefits Adaptation benefits Upstream reforestation Green roofs, greenways Nature-based solutions – operationalising links
- 19. Good practice highlight: Stuttgart, Germany • Located in a valley basin with dense development on slopes; • Bad air quality; extreme heatwaves; NbS fostered through: • Ventilation corridors; • Open and green space conversion or conservation; • New building codes: green measures for buildings (courtyards, facades, urban gardens) • Blue infrastructure improved Result • 39% of land is protected area (forests, trees, parks) • Extreme and more frequent heatwaves’ peak temperatures lowered; Source: https://www.stuttgart.de/leben/stadtentwicklung/stadt planung/stadterneuerung/foerderprogramme-urbanes- gruen.php Nature-based solutions – operationalising links
- 20. Adaptation-mitigation linkages – trade-offs Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
- 21. Adaptation-mitigation linkages in climate policies • Linkages are increasingly recognised in country climate policies (NAP's, NDC's); • Linkages are most often recognised in countries’ policies in agriculture, forestry and land use, but rarely described more concretely; Good practice highlight: Italy provides a detailed list of potential synergies and outlines actions that are beneficial to both, such as the co-benefits of sustainable mobility; Adaptation-Mitigation linkages in climate actions across sectors Source: OECD (2021), "Strengthening adaptation-mitigation linkages for a low-carbon, climate-resilient future", OECD Environment Policy Papers, No. 23, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6d79ff6a-en.
- 22. 22 Operationalising linkages through NbS: Persisting challenges In practice, NbS tend to be: • Implemented on an ad hoc basis • Not integrated in wider planning efforts • Little follow-up on effectiveness and performance
- 23. • Improve co-ordination between mitigation and adaptation stakeholders • Adjust reporting mechanisms by countries on their climate actions in a way that they capture linkages • Continue to adapt decision-support tools to facilitate alignment considerations for project managers • Document country practices more systematically What can be done to maximise synergies?
- 24. Covid-19 Recovery provides an important opportunity to capitalise on synergies and strive to achieve climate resilience Measures that reinforce adaptation and mitigation synergies, including through NbS, can create and sustain jobs, build a path for sustainable and inclusive growth, offering important co-benefits for human well-being and the environment Conclusions
- 25. 25 THANK YOU • Anthony.cox@oecd.org Climate Change Adaptation at the OECD: http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/climate-adaptation/
- 26. Q&A
- 27. 5 MINUTE BREAK
- 28. Country Inputs: Approaches to Integrated Climate Policy Making CRISPIN D’AUVERGNE Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Coordinator (Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) CRISTINA RODRIGUEZ Director of Adaptation to Climate Change and Desertification (Ministry of the Environment)
- 29. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Nature-based Solutions as a means to deliver both adaptation and mitigation benefits and connected the NDC and NAP processes
- 30. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Table of contents 1. Comprehensive Climate Change Management 2. National Adaptation Plan 3. NDC and NbS 4. NbS priorities and challenges
- 32. PERÚ LIMPIO Comprehensive Climate Change Management in Peru Incorporate actions to face climate change in the country's development process based on the mandate of the Framework Law on Climate Change through public policies that are executed in a participatory, multisectoral, multilevel and multiactor spirit
- 33. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL The Law and Regulations aim at the comprehensive management of climate change, assigning responsibilities at the national, regional and local levels. One of the tools to strengthen adaptation to climate change proposed by the Law and Regulations is the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) MINAM is the National Authority on Climate Change that conducts its comprehensive management. Framework Law on Climate Change and its Regulations The Law was promulgated on April 2, 2018. Its Regulations, formulated through a participatory process and consultation with indigenous peoples, was approved on December 31, 2019.
- 35. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Document constructed under a participatory and legitimacy process at the multisectoral, multilevel and multiactor level at the national and sub-national level. Results of the NAP process Priorities Conceptual model Active participation Conceptual and methodological model for the Adaptation process in Peru with contributions from state and non-state actors. National risk scenarios for climate-related hazards in 2030 and 2050 to improve territorial prioritization of adaptation measures. We count with 92 NDCs for adaptation to 2030 and 3 strategic objectives with 13 strategic lines of action with the vision for 2050. The pioneering participatory process, for having assumed a face-to- face and virtual stage with inclusive, multisectoral, multilevel and multiactor characteristics. Climate-related risk scenarios
- 36. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Subjects: 13 STRATEGIC ACTIONS 92 NDC measures GENERAL OBJECTIVE Reduce and/or avoid current and future damages, losses and alterations triggered by climate-related hazards as well as to take advantage of the opportunities that climate change offers for sustainable and resilient development. Planning outcomes Ecosystems, basins and territories Infrastructure, goods and services Populations and their livelihoods
- 37. NDC and NbS 3
- 38. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL 92 Adaptation Measures 62 Mitigation Measures The NDCs are the actions of each country to adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this way, they contribute to the overall goal of the Paris Agreement. Reduce the levels of vulnerability and risk associated with climate change and take advantage of its opportunities. 30% reduction in GHG emissions in 2030, compared to 2010, and an additional 10% conditional on international support Peru's Climate Commitment (NDC)
- 39. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL • 7 NbS measures (adaptation) NDC with NbS Forest Water Farming • 4 NbS measures • 6 NbS measures Fishing • 2 NbS measures • Peru has 33 NDC measures related to NbS of which 19 are climate change adaptation measures, and 14 mitigation measures involving public and private actors, academia and indigenous communities. • 14 NbS measures (mitigation)
- 40. PERÚ LIMPIO Implementation of water harvesting activities that contribute to filtration, storage and recharge of aquifers. Ecosystem restoration to maintain landscape connectivity and reduce impacts from extreme weather events. Management of natural grasslands to ensure the feeding of the livestock and reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
- 41. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL NbS priorities and challenges
- 42. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Sinergies between adaptation and mitigation measures A single intervention, in either adaptation or mitigation, can have co- benefits, for example a community forest management mitigation measure can also have value in ecosystem resilience. We need to increase data collection in order to identify these potential processes. NbS actions are means to demonstrate synergies between mitigation and adaptation, with results in favor of ecosystem services and development.
- 43. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Peru: Vanguard Country In 2020 Peru was recognized as a vanguard country by the Nature-based Solutions action track of the Global Adaptation Commission. The experience implementing NbS: natural infrastructure and EbA projects. Commitment to scale NbS in planning and public policies such as the NAP, in the Platform to face climate change of indigenous peoples, and our Law. Demostration of a commitment to contribute to the Global Adaptation Commission (GCA): Peru's convening country of the GCA
- 44. PERÚ LIMPIO Investing in natural infrastructure, to face the risks associated with the climate, provides a return on investment of 4 to 1. Thus, between this year and towards 2030, investments in resilient infrastructure could generate $ 4.2 trillion in benefits. Source: Global Commission for Adaptation, 2020. NbS are a cost-effective solution
- 45. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Progress in the development of NbS strategies • Framework Law on Climate Change and its Regulations • National Strategy for Climate Change. • 33 NDC at the National Level already related to NbS • Different guidelines and public investment tools that facilitate investments in our natural capital. • Lessons learned from the experiences of AbE, Natural Infrastructure, MERESE, Protected natural areas. • 5 EBA Projects in Protected natural areas • We are part of the international community on NbS to promote exchange learning (GCA). MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS Actions
- 46. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL They are instruments that allow generating, channeling and investing in actions aimed at the conservation, recovery and sustainable use of ecosystems, as a source of ecosystem services. Payment for ecosystem services In Peru are implementing this as a Payments for Ecosistem Services (MERESE acronym in the Peruvian mechanism).
- 47. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Example of MERESE Retribution Benefit Voluntary agreements Contributor Retributors MERESE – FIDA project: successful experience through conservation and sustainable use actions in high Andean ecosystems (pastures, forests and wetlands). Among the actions are: reforestation, construction of barriers, distribution channels and infiltration ditches. 37 conservation and recovery subprojects financed ($ 1 563 853 aprox). 13 988.4 hectares to conserve and recover (1 573 families benefited)
- 48. PERÚ LIMPIO PERÚ NATURAL Integrate the NbS concept into the main climate change instruments, along with further research on their outcomes Implement enabling conditions and interventions with a territorial, multistakeholder & multisectoral, approach. Disseminate information about the benefits of NbS, as more cost-effective measures, to leverage financing. What are our priorities related to NbS?
- 49. PERÚ LIMPIO Cristina Rodríguez Valladares Director of Adaptation to Climate Change and Desertification General Direction of Climate Change and Desertification
- 50. 50 The Adaptation- Mitigation Nexus in the OECS Crispin d’Auvergne Programme Director, Climate and Disaster Resilience OECS Commission
- 51. The Eastern Caribbean is Vulnerable! The Small Island developing states of the Eastern Caribbean are particularly to the impacts of climate change, that have the ability to devastate ecosystems and infrastructure, ruin economies and undo and stymie development. Adaptation is therefore an urgent priority! Photo: NOAA Photo: The Guardian
- 52. • Despite their miniscule greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, countries in the region are keen to pursue mitigation action to: • Contribute to their own survival • Reduce energy costs • Reduce energy dependence • Flatten energy volatility • Protect the environment Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction also Makes Sense!
- 53. The Nexus between Adaptation and Mitigation Opportunities exist in the region to blend adaptation and mitigation
- 54. 54 AIM: Increased deployment of renewable energy technologies in support of corporate, household, national and regional goals to increase energy and climate resilience while contributing to the protection of the climate.
- 55. WHY SOLAR? ü Increasingly accepted as a viable and price- competitive alternative source of energy ü Scalable from streetlight to household to grid scale. ü Offers opportunities to engage stakeholders at all levels ü Provides visibility for climate action taken ü Generates measurable results. ü Can come in the form of hurricane-proof installations that promote both climate mitigation and climate adaptation. ü Stands to benefit from a growing pool of expertise in the region ü Benefits multiple sectors
- 56. At least 6.5 MW (subject to review) of new S/M PV installed in the Eastern Caribbean At least 0.45 MW installed on public buildings in at least 9 MS (minimum of 50KW in each of 9 MS) At least 1.55 MW installed on commercial/industrial and residential buildings across the OECS By 2025 By 2023 By 2023 WORKING TARGET & TIMELINE
- 58. BEFORE YOU LEAVE... May 18th: 9-11am EST Hang around