Point to-point protocol (ppp)
- 1. POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL (PPP) Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 2. Introduction to PPP •It is a communication protocol of the data link layer •It is used to transmit multiprotocol data between two directly connected (point-to-point) computers. •It is a byte - oriented protocol that is widely used in broadband communications having heavy loads and high speeds. •it is a data link layer protocol, data is transmitted in frames. •It is also known as RFC 1661. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 3. Services Provided by PPP • Defining the frame format of the data to be transmitted. • Defining the procedure of establishing link between two points and exchange of data. • Stating the method of encapsulation of network layer data in the frame. • Stating authentication rules of the communicating devices. • Providing address for network communication. • Providing connections over multiple links. • Supporting a variety of network layer protocols by providing a range of services. feature of PPP is that it provides network address configuration. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 4. Services Not Provided by PPP • does not provide flow control • Lack of error control and sequence numbering • does not provide a sophisticated addressing mechanism Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 5. Framing • Flag. A PPP frame starts and ends with a 1-byte flag with the bit pattern 01111110. • Address. The address field in this protocol is a constant value and set to 11111111 (broadcast address). • Control. This field is set to the constant value 00000011 • Protocol. defines what is being carried in the data field: either user data or other information. • Payload field . user data : maximum of 1500 bytes • FCS. The frame check sequence (FCS) is simply a 2-byte or 4-byte standard CRC. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 6. Byte Stuffing • PPP is a byte-oriented protocol, the flag in PPP is a byte that needs to be escaped whenever it appears in the data section of the frame. • The escape byte is 01111101 Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 7. Transition Phases Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 8. Multiplexing • PPP is a link-layer protocol • Three sets of protocols are defined to make PPP powerful: 1. the Link Control Protocol (LCP), 2. Two Authentication Protocols (APs), and 3. several Network Control Protocols (NCPs). Multiplexing is the technology that is able to combine multiple communication signals together in order for them to traverse an otherwise single signal communication medium simultaneously Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 9. Link Control Protocol • is responsible for establishing, maintaining, configuring, and terminating links. • It provides negotiation mechanisms to set options between the two endpoints. Both endpoints of the link must reach an agreement about the options before the link can be established. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 11. Authentication Protocols • It means validating the identity of a user who needs to access a set of resources. • PPP has created two protocols for authentication: 1. Password Authentication Protocol and 2. Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 12. Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) • A. The user who wants to access a system sends an authentication identification (usually the user name) and a password. • b. The system checks the validity of the identification and password and either accepts or denies connection. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 13. Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) • It is a three-way handshaking authentication protocol that provides greater security than PAP. In this method, the password is kept secret; it is never sent online. a. The system sends the user a challenge packet containing a challenge value, usually a few bytes. b. The user applies a predefined function that takes the challenge value and the user’s own password and creates a result. The user sends the result in the response packet to the system. c. The system does the same. It applies the same function to the password of the user (known to the system) and the challenge value to create a result. If the Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 16. Network Control Protocols • PPP is a multiple-network-layer protocol. • It can carry a network-layer data packet from protocols defined by the Internet, OSI, Xerox, DECnet, AppleTalk, Novel For example, • IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol) - configures the link for carrying IP data packets. • Xerox CP does the same for the Xerox protocol data packets Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 17. Network Control Protocols :Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 18. Multilink PPP • logical PPP frame is divided into several actual PPP frames. • A segment of the logical frame is carried in the payload of an actual PPP frame In networking, one piece of a data packet that has been broken into smaller pieces in order to accommodate the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of a network. Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai
- 19. network layer packet as it is transmitted through a PPP connection. Figure 11.29 shows the steps Dr.T>Abirami,Associate Professor,IT,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai