PostgreSQL Administration for System Administrators
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The document is a presentation by Spencer Christensen on PostgreSQL administration for Linux/Unix system administrators, focusing on management and monitoring aspects. It covers various topics, including creating database clusters, configuring postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf, logging options, and tools for monitoring database performance. Key commands and examples for installation, starting/stopping the database, and managing connections are also provided.
![Creating a cluster Initdb -D /path/to/data/dir [options] -U postgres [schristensen@small_db ~]$ initdb -U postgres -D cluster1/data The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "schristensen". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale en_US.UTF-8. The default database encoding has accordingly been set to UTF8. The default text search configuration will be set to "english".](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pgconfeast-postgres-for-sysadmins-presentation-101004145218-phpapp01/85/PostgreSQL-Administration-for-System-Administrators-26-320.jpg)
PostgreSQL Administration for System Administrators
- 1. Postgres Administration for Sysadmins Spencer Christensen Backcountry.com PostgreSQL Conference East, Philadelphia March 26, 2010
- 2. PostgreSQL How do you pronounce “PostgreSQL”?
- 3. The Q and L are silent
- 4. How do you pronounce Thule? “Yakima”
- 5. Audience Linux/Unix system administrator
- 7. Want to understand Postgres better
- 8. What we'll cover Management
- 9. Monitoring
- 10. What we'll cover Management Creating a cluster
- 12. Logging options, review of log output
- 13. pg_hba.conf
- 16. What we'll cover Monitoring top
- 17. ps
- 18. du
- 19. pgtop
- 20. pg_top
- 22. Pgfouine
- 23. Management Install by rpm/deb/source
- 25. Multiple instances (different ports, different ip addresses, etc)
- 26. Creating a cluster Initdb -D /path/to/data/dir [options] -U postgres [schristensen@small_db ~]$ initdb -U postgres -D cluster1/data The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "schristensen". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale en_US.UTF-8. The default database encoding has accordingly been set to UTF8. The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
- 27. Postgresql.conf Located at $PGDATA/postgresql.conf
- 28. Helpful comments
- 29. Default values commented out
- 30. Some changes require a restart (others can be picked up with a reload)
- 31. Postgresql.conf port = 5432
- 34. statement_timeout = 0 # microseconds
- 35. Postgresql.conf port = 5432 port = 54321 listen_addresses = 'localhost' listen_addresses = '*' max_connections = 10 max_connections = 100 statement_timeout = 0 # microseconds statement_timeout = 1800000
- 36. pg_ctl pg_ctl -D /path/to/data/dir \
- 38. Run as owner of data files (created by initdb)
- 39. -m [smart|fast|immediate] stop Start cluster1
- 40. Logging options log_destination = 'stderr' # or syslog
- 46. log_statement = 'none' # or all, ddl, mod
- 47. Log output samples LOG: connection received: host=192.168.56.1 port=44738 LOG: connection authorized: user=training database=training LOG: duration: 18.301 ms LOG: duration: 0.898 ms LOG: duration: 1428.301 ms LOG: duration: 2038.301 ms LOG: disconnection: session time: 0:00:12.543 user=training database=training host=192.168.56.1 port=44738
- 48. Log output samples LOG: connection received: host=192.168.56.1 port=33185 LOG: duration: 23.469 ms LOG: connection authorized: user=training database=training LOG: statement: select * from emusic.sales_item LOG: duration: 0.706 ms LOG: statement: select * from emusic.stores LOG: duration: 0.447 ms LOG: disconnection: session time: 0:00:12.084 user=training database=training host=192.168.56.1 port=33185
- 49. pg_hba.conf HOST DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD [OPTION] local all pgmonitor trust host all all 10.41.8.21/32 md5 host all all 10.12.12.0/24 md5 Need to reload to take effect H
- 50. Postgres Env vars $PGDATA – data directory
- 51. $PGPORT – port
- 52. $PGHOST – host
- 53. $PGUSER – user
- 54. pg_ctl -l /tmp/pg.log start
- 55. psql
- 56. psql psql [-h $host] [-p $port] [-U $user] $db \d – list tables, views, sequences \dt – list tables only \d my_awesome_table – describe table, view \q – exit out of psql \l – list databases in cluster \du – list users in cluster \h – help
- 57. Monitoring
- 58. top Example of running queries
- 59. Du Example of disk space usage
- 61. Based on mytop
- 62. Example of running pgtop
- 64. More like system top Can view running queries, locks, EXPLAIN Example of running pg_top
- 66. Disk space
- 67. Backends
- 68. Index size
- 69. Table size
- 70. Bloat
- 71. Last vacuum
- 72. Locks
- 73. txn_wraparound
- 75. Log files Connections, disconnections, durations, statements Vacuum verbose output
- 76. Example
- 77. Wrap up Initdb, postgresql.conf, pg_hba.conf
- 78. pg_ctl -D $datadir start|stop|reload|status
- 79. psql
- 80. Top, du
- 81. pg_top, pgtop
- 83. Pgfouine
- 85. Backcountry.com
- 86. [email_address]
- 87. [email_address]
Editor's Notes
- #3: History of Postgres: Developed at UC Berkely, called Ingres Academic project Business Ingres Corp formed Forks: Informix, Sybase Then creator decided on different implimentation: Postgres Postgres95 (1994-1995) SQL became popular/standard PostgreSQL (1996-now)
- #22: Top line output for postgres: User, database, host connected from, PID, command type