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Engineering Software
P.O. Box 2134
Kensington, MD 20891
Phone: (301) 919-9670
E-Mail: info@engineering-4e.com
http://www.engineering-4e.com
Copyright © 1996
Compression
Here are some of the basic isentropic compression
data tables and plots.
Compression Schematic Layout
Working Fluid In
Working Fluid Out
Compressor
1
2
Compression T - s Diagram
2
1
Temperature--T[K]
Entropy -- s [kJ/kg*K]
Compression inlet temperature [K]: 298
Compression inlet pressure [atm]: 1
Compression outlet pressure [atm]: 25
Compression delta pressure step [atm]: 1
Compression fluid kappa [/]: 1.4
Compression fluid cp [kJ/kg*K]: 1.004
Step Tin Pin Tout Pout Specific Power
[/] [K] [atm] [K] [atm] [kW/kg/s]
1 298 1 298 1 0
2 298 1 363.266 2 65.5271
3 298 1 407.884 3 110.323
4 298 1 442.826 4 145.406
5 298 1 471.978 5 174.674
6 298 1 497.216 6 200.013
7 298 1 519.604 7 222.491
8 298 1 539.811 8 242.779
9 298 1 558.286 9 261.327
10 298 1 575.348 10 278.457
11 298 1 591.231 11 294.404
12 298 1 606.113 12 309.346
13 298 1 620.134 13 323.423
14 298 1 633.405 14 336.747
15 298 1 646.015 15 349.407
16 298 1 658.037 16 361.477
17 298 1 669.535 17 373.021
18 298 1 680.559 18 384.089
19 298 1 691.153 19 394.726
20 298 1 701.357 20 404.97
21 298 1 711.202 21 414.855
22 298 1 720.718 22 424.409
23 298 1 729.93 23 433.658
24 298 1 738.86 24 442.624
25 298 1 747.528 25 451.326
Input and Output Data
Compression Outlet Temperature
0
200
400
600
800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Compression Outlet Pressure [atm]
CompressionOutletTemperature[K][K]
Outlet Temperature [K]
Working Fluid: Air
Compressor Inlet Temperature: 298 [K] and Inlet Pressure: 1 [atm]
Compression Specific Power Input
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Compression Outlet Pressure [atm]
CompressionSpecificPowerInput[kW/kg/s][kW
Specific Power Input [kW/kg/s]
Working Fluid: Air
Compressor Inlet Temperature: 298 [K] and Inlet Pressure: 1 [atm]
Combustion Analysis
Here are some of the basic combustion data tables
and plots when considering carbon, hydrogen, sulfur,
coal, oil and gas (methane) as the fuel and air as the
oxidant at stoichiometric conditions.
Combustion Schematic Layout
Fuel
Oxidant
Combustion Products
Specific Enthalpy vs Temperature
-20,000
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
500 800 1,100 1,400 1,700 2,000 2,300 2,600 2,900 3,200 3,500 3,800 4,100 4,400 4,700 5,000
C(S) H2 S(S) N2 O2 H2O(L) CH4 CO2 H2O SO2
SpecificEnthalpy[kJ/kg]
Temperature [K]
Combustion h - T Diagram
Enthalpy--h[kJ/kg]
Temperature -- T [K]
Reactants
Products
T adiabaticT reference
Oxidant Composition
Fuel Composition
C
[kg/kg]
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.780
0.860
-
H
[kg/kg]
0.000
1.000
0.000
0.050
0.140
-
S
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
1.000
0.030
0.000
-
N
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.000
-
O
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.080
0.000
-
H2O
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.000
-
CH4
[kg/kg]
-
-
-
-
-
1.000
Fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Coal
Oil
Gas
N
[kmol/kmol]
0.790
O
[kmol/kmol]
0.210
N
[kg/kg]
0.767
O
[kg/kg]
0.233
Oxidant
Air
Stoichiometric Combustion
Combustion Products Composition on Weight and Mole Basis
CO2
[kg/kg]
0.295
0.000
0.000
0.249
0.202
0.151
H2O
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.255
0.000
0.041
0.080
0.124
SO2
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.378
0.005
0.000
0.000
N2
[kg/kg]
0.705
0.745
0.622
0.705
0.718
0.725
O2
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CO2
[kmol/kmol]
0.210
0.000
0.000
0.170
0.132
0.095
Fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Coal
Oil
Gas
SO2
[kmol/kmol]
0.000
0.000
0.210
0.002
0.000
0.000
N2
[kmol/kmol]
0.790
0.653
0.790
0.759
0.739
0.715
Combustion Products Flame Temperature, Stoichiometric Oxidant to Fuel Ratio and HHV
Flame Temperature
[K]
2,460
2,525
1,972
2,484
2,484
2,327
Stoichiometric
Oxidant to Fuel Ratio
[/]
11.444
34.333
4.292
10.487
14.649
17.167
HHV
[Btu/lbm]
14,094
60,997
3,982
14,162
20,660
21,563
Fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Coal
Oil
Gas
H2O
[kmol/kmol]
0.000
0.347
0.000
0.068
0.129
0.190
O2
[kmol/kmol]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Combustion Products Flame Temperature
1,900
2,000
2,100
2,200
2,300
2,400
2,500
2,600
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
FlameTemperature[K][K
Flame Temperature [K]
Fuel and Oxidant Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Combustion Stoichiometric Oxidant to Fuel Ratio
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
OxidanttoFuelRatio[/][/]
Stoichiometric Oxidant to Fuel Ratio [/]
Fuel and Oxidant Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Higher Heating Value (HHV)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
HHV[Btu/lbm][
HHV [Btu/lbm]
Fuel and Oxidant Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Combustion Products -- Weight Basis
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
CO2 H2O SO2 N2 O2
CombustionProducts[kg/kg][k
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
Fuel and Oxidant Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Combustion Products -- Mole Basis
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
CO2 H2O SO2 N2 O2
CombustionProducts[kmol/kmol][km
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
Fuel and Oxidant Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Oxidant Composition
Fuel Composition
C
[kg/kg]
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.780
0.860
-
H
[kg/kg]
0.000
1.000
0.000
0.050
0.140
-
S
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
1.000
0.030
0.000
-
N
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.040
0.000
-
O
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.080
0.000
-
H2O
[kg/kg]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.000
-
CH4
[kg/kg]
-
-
-
-
-
1.000
Fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Coal
Oil
Gas
N
[kmol/kmol]
0.790
O
[kmol/kmol]
0.210
N
[kg/kg]
0.767
O
[kg/kg]
0.233
Oxidant
Air
Stoichiometric Combustion
Flame Temperature
Hydrogen
[K]
2,525
2,583
2,640
2,689
2,757
2,818
2,879
2,942
Sulfur
[K]
1,972
2,045
2,118
2,191
2,267
2,343
2,421
2,501
Coal
[K]
2,484
2,551
2,618
2,686
2,756
2,827
2,899
2,972
Oil
[K]
2,484
2,551
2,616
2,683
2,751
2,820
2,891
2,963
Preheat Temperature
[K]
298
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Combustion Products Stoichiometric Oxidant to Fuel Ratio and HHV
Stoichiometric
Oxidant to Fuel Ratio
[/]
11.444
34.333
4.292
10.487
14.649
17.167
HHV
[Btu/lbm]
14,094
60,997
3,982
14,162
20,660
21,563
Fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Coal
Oil
Gas
Gas
[K]
2,327
2,391
2,455
2,520
2,586
2,653
2,721
2,791
Carbon
[K]
2,460
2,531
2,602
2,674
2,747
2,822
2,898
2,976
Combustion Products Flame Temperature
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
298 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
FlameTemperature[K]
Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Coal Oil Gas
Fuel Inlet Temperature: 298 [K]
Oxidant Preheat Temperature for Stoichiometric Combustion Conditions
Expansion
Here are some of the basic isentropic expansion data
tables and plots.
Expansion Schematic Layout
Working Fluid In
Working Fluid Out
Turbine
1
2
Expansion T - s Diagram
1
2
Temperature--T[K]
Entropy -- s [kJ/kg*K]
Expansion inlet temperature [K]: 1500
Expansion inlet pressure [atm]: 25
Expansion outlet pressure [atm]: 1
Expansion delta pressure step [atm]: 1
Expansion fluid kapa [/]: 1.4
Expansion fluid cp [kJ/kg*K]: 1.004
Step Tin Pin Tout Pout Specific Power
[/] [K] [atm] [K] [atm] [kW/kg/s]
1 1500 25 1500 25 0
2 1500 25 1482.61 24 17.4631
3 1500 25 1464.69 23 35.4539
4 1500 25 1446.2 22 54.0126
5 1500 25 1427.11 21 73.1838
6 1500 25 1407.35 20 93.0188
7 1500 25 1386.88 19 113.575
8 1500 25 1365.62 18 134.92
9 1500 25 1343.5 17 157.129
10 1500 25 1320.43 16 180.292
11 1500 25 1296.3 15 204.514
12 1500 25 1271 14 229.918
13 1500 25 1244.37 13 256.653
14 1500 25 1216.23 12 284.901
15 1500 25 1186.37 11 314.883
16 1500 25 1154.5 10 346.882
17 1500 25 1120.26 9 381.254
18 1500 25 1083.19 8 418.475
19 1500 25 1042.64 7 459.185
20 1500 25 997.72 6 504.289
21 1500 25 947.078 5 555.134
22 1500 25 888.581 4 613.865
23 1500 25 818.465 3 684.261
24 1500 25 728.934 2 774.15
25 1500 25 597.971 1 905.638
Input and Output Data
Expansion Outlet Temperature
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Expansion Outlet Pressure [atm]
ExpansionOutletTemperature[K][K]
Outlet Temperature [K]
Working Fluid: Air
Expansion Inlet Temperature: 1,500 [K] and Inlet Pressure: 25 [atm]
Expansion Specific Power Output
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Expansion Outlet Pressure [atm]
ExpansionSpecificPowerInput[kW/kg/s][kw
Specific Power Output [kW/kg/s]
Working Fluid: Air
Expansion Inlet Temperature: 1,500 [K] and Inlet Pressure: 25 [atm]

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