Puppet Camp Amsterdam 2015: The Power of Puppet 4 (Beginner)
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The document discusses new features and changes in Puppet 4, including Puppet Server running on JVM, packaging improvements, environment configuration options, language features like lambdas and HEREDOC support, type validation, and deprecations like node inheritance and hyphens in names. It highlights four key powers of Puppet 4: performance, scalability, measurability, and flexibility in dealing with complex data types natively. Upgrading to Puppet 4 requires changes to comply with deprecations and testing to ensure compatibility.
![Config environments
Static puppet.conf
[production]
modulepath = /etc/puppet/production/modules
manifests = /etc/puppet/production/manifests/site.pp
!
[test]
modulepath = /etc/puppet/test/modules
manifests = /etc/puppet/test/manifests/site.pp](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-9-320.jpg)
![Config environments
Dynamic puppet.conf
[master]
modulepath = /etc/puppet/$environment/modules
manifests = /etc/puppet/$environment/manifests/site.pp
!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-10-320.jpg)
![Directory environments
puppet.conf
[master]
environmentpath = /etc/puppet/environments
!
File system
/etc/puppet/environments/
production/
modules/
manifests/
environment.conf
test/
modules/
manifests/
Directory](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-11-320.jpg)
![Lambdas
Lambda
“a block of code that has parameters and can be invoked/called with arguments. A
single lambda can be passed to a function”
$a = [1,2,3]
each($a) |value| {notice $value }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-15-320.jpg)
![We need types!
class ssh (
Boolean $server = true,
) {
if $server {
include ssh::server
}
}
!
!
class { ‘ssh’:
server => ‘false’,
}
!
Error 400 on SERVER: Expected parameter 'server' of
'Class[Ssh]' to have type Boolean, got String
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
We now get proper error messages.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-28-320.jpg)
![We want types!
class users (
Hash $hash
) {
$userarray = keys($hash)
users::user_data { $userarray: }
}
!
define users::user_data (
String $gid = $users::hash[$title][gid],
String $home = $users::hash[$title][home],
Boolean $managehome = $users::hash[$title][managehome],
) {
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-29-320.jpg)
![Available Types
Integer[from, to]
Float[from,to]
Enum[*strings]
Pattern[*patterns]
Regexp[regexp]
Boolean
Array
Hash](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-30-320.jpg)
![Reference syntax
Reference deprecation
capital letter on title
empty space between Type reference and title
!
Class [Ssh]
!
Class [‘ssh’]
!
Class[‘ssh’]
!
Deprecated capital title
!
Empty space
!
Working](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powerofpuppet41-150128170603-conversion-gate02/85/Puppet-Camp-Amsterdam-2015-The-Power-of-Puppet-4-Beginner-39-320.jpg)
Puppet Camp Amsterdam 2015: The Power of Puppet 4 (Beginner)
- 1. Text The Power of Puppet 4 Martin Alfke ma@example42.com
- 2. About me PL Training Partner Module Contributor Automation Enthusiast
- 3. Puppet Server & Packaging Environments New language features
- 4. Types, Types, Types Deprecations The 4 Powers of Puppet 4
- 5. Puppet Server & Packages
- 6. Puppet Server on JVM Closure Trapperkeeper JMX & internal metrics (PE only)
- 7. Puppet Packaging AIO - like PE New package name Discussion on mailinglist
- 8. Environments
- 9. Config environments Static puppet.conf [production] modulepath = /etc/puppet/production/modules manifests = /etc/puppet/production/manifests/site.pp ! [test] modulepath = /etc/puppet/test/modules manifests = /etc/puppet/test/manifests/site.pp
- 10. Config environments Dynamic puppet.conf [master] modulepath = /etc/puppet/$environment/modules manifests = /etc/puppet/$environment/manifests/site.pp !
- 11. Directory environments puppet.conf [master] environmentpath = /etc/puppet/environments ! File system /etc/puppet/environments/ production/ modules/ manifests/ environment.conf test/ modules/ manifests/ Directory
- 12. Benefits All environments in one place Per environment configuration (environment.conf) config_version = '/usr/bin/git --git-dir /etc/puppet/environments/ $environment/.git rev-parse HEAD' Newly added environments are available immediately
- 13. r10k Robot 10000 Manage environment in git branches Puppetfile handles modules and versions
- 15. Lambdas Lambda “a block of code that has parameters and can be invoked/called with arguments. A single lambda can be passed to a function” $a = [1,2,3] each($a) |value| {notice $value }
- 16. Lambdas and functions each - iterating over an array map - transform an array or hash into a new array filter - filters an array or hash reduce - reduces an array or hash to a single value slice - slices an array or hash into chunks
- 17. Using functions Standard Puppet way: function_name(argument) - each($variable) Ruby way - chaining argument.function_name - $variable.each
- 18. EPP Template engine Use Puppet $var instead of Ruby @var epp(filename) inline_epp(epp_string)
- 19. HEREDOC support Like Shell HEREDOC $multiline_text = @(EOF) # Managed by Puppet intended two spaces starting at beginning of line | intention starts at pipe sign EOF
- 20. HEREDOC control character - prevents a new line (like erb/epp) @(“EOF”) - variable substition @(EOF/tn) - enables char escapes availabe char escapes: t,s,r,n,u,L,$ Default to off
- 21. HEREDOC syntax check @(EOF:json) Can be used by e.g. Gepetto or any other Puppet plugin Built in : json $var = @(EOF:json) { “Puppet”: ‘awesome’ } - EOF
- 23. Why do we need types? class ssh ( $server = true, ) { if $server { include ssh::server } } Parameterized class with parameter default
- 24. Why do we need types? class ssh ( $server = true, ) { if $server { include ssh::server } } ! ! class { ‘ssh’: server => ‘false’, } ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Usage of parameterised class. But: string instead of boolean !
- 25. Why do we need types? class ssh ( $server = true, ) { if validate_bool($server) { include ssh::server } } ! ! class { ‘ssh’: server => ‘false’, } Parameterized class with parameter default ! ! Now with data validation (from stdlib)
- 26. Why do we need types? users::hash: ‘tom’: gid: ‘123’ home: ‘/home/tom’ managehome: false ‘ben’: gid: ‘124’ home: /home/ben managehome: ‘true’ ‘tim’: gid: 0125 home: ‘home/tim’ managehome: ‘false’ But: how to deal with more complex data? ! ! ! ! ! ! Missing quotes String instead of bool ! Missing quotes and leading 0 Missing trailing slash String instead of bool
- 27. We need types! class ssh ( Boolean $server = true, ) { if $server { include ssh::server } } ! Types, Types, Types, Types
- 28. We need types! class ssh ( Boolean $server = true, ) { if $server { include ssh::server } } ! ! class { ‘ssh’: server => ‘false’, } ! Error 400 on SERVER: Expected parameter 'server' of 'Class[Ssh]' to have type Boolean, got String ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! We now get proper error messages.
- 29. We want types! class users ( Hash $hash ) { $userarray = keys($hash) users::user_data { $userarray: } } ! define users::user_data ( String $gid = $users::hash[$title][gid], String $home = $users::hash[$title][home], Boolean $managehome = $users::hash[$title][managehome], ) { }
- 31. Deprecations
- 32. Deprecations Node inheritance Empty string comparison Variable naming Reference syntax Hyphens in names Ruby DSL
- 33. Node Inheritance node ‘basenode’ { include base include security } ! node ‘www.server.com’ inherits basenode { include webserver } # Dummy node as default ! ! ! ! # Real node inherits from basenode
- 34. Roles & Profiles node ‘www.server.com’ { include webserver } ! ! class basenode { include base include security } ! class webserver { include basenode } # No more node inheritance ! ! ! ! # Define a class instead
- 35. Empty string comparison An empty string compares to true instead of false
- 36. Empty string comparison $message = ‘’ ! if $message { notify { “Message: ${message}”: } } Empty string set as default ! Check for variable existing and having content
- 37. String comparison $ message = ‘’ ! if $message and $message != ‘’ { notify { “Message: ${message}”: } } Empty string set as default ! Check for variable existing and not empty string
- 38. Variable naming A variable may not start with a capital letter an underscore
- 39. Reference syntax Reference deprecation capital letter on title empty space between Type reference and title ! Class [Ssh] ! Class [‘ssh’] ! Class[‘ssh’] ! Deprecated capital title ! Empty space ! Working
- 40. Hyphens in names No more hyphens in module name class name define name
- 41. Hyphens in names ! <modulepath>/syslog-ng/ ! <modulepath>/syslog_ng ! class syslog-ng { … } ! class syslog_ng { … } ! Deprecated ! New name required ! Deprecated ! New name required (obious -> module/ class naming convention)
- 42. Ruby DSL Puppet Ticket #18876 Closed 02/04/2013 New Ruby DSL API was revamped: “the number and severity of issues that came up in exploratory testing led us to the conclusion that it was not supportable code” - Puppet Dev ML - 01/26/2013 hostclass ‘ssh’ do end
- 43. More deprecation Relative resolution of class names - the reason why you want to use double colon - include ::ssh Importing manifests Matching numbers with regexp Search function Mutating arrays and hashes
- 44. The 4 Powers of Puppet 4
- 45. Performance Request response times and catalog compile times ! !
- 46. Scalability Switch on/off functionality for multi master setup ! ! !
- 47. Measurability
- 48. Flexibility Dealing with complex data natively in Puppet DSL
- 49. Upgrading to Puppet 4 Breaks old style Puppet DSL code Read documentation carefully Run tests
- 51. Text Support your modules Write PR, file bug reports, fix issues
- 52. Thank you Martin Alfke ! Co-Founder & CEO example42 GmbH i.G.