Power of will book summary 080818 vi_sms_final

The Power of Will, Book Summary, Hall, 080818
Proprietary Information and Private Property.
Property ofWayne Michael Hall. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2017, Wayne Michael Hall
1
Book Summary—The Power of Will in International Conflict
Wayne Michael Hall, Ed.D.
Brigadier General
US Army, Retired
08 August 2018

2
Summary—The Power of Will in International Conflict
What barest the exit of that hungry wolf,
Volition. It can be that man has evolved
Into asceticism far enough to hold his
Natural tendencies at bay. It could be that
A catalyst has not awakened this day. But
Know well all ye who dwellith here on
This earth, it can be a monster that is held
at bay. Author Unknown
Human beings have been fighting one another since the first man clubbed another man to
take his food and women. Will is the essence of this fighting; one side commits an aggressive act
against another, the other side defends or submits. Will, an unpretentious word, yet complicated,
often unplumbed, and difficult to contemplate, let alone use in life. I muse about what happens
when one human attempts to impose their will on another. What happens if resistance to the
imposition occurs? An imposition is an action and suggests a clash unless there is no resistance.
Often though resistance occurs or perhaps a form of submission by one side or the other in a
conflict because of the attendant relationships of each side’s actions with the other. Such
struggles usually involve physical and intangible clashes. And, always nearby with occurrence of
clashes of will, the gruel of life appears and makes its presence known—I’m speaking of greed,
fear, retribution, desire, lust, religion, narcissism, and so on.
Thus, I have concluded that the subject is important for all of mankind and warrants a
detailed discussion. The book’s flow provides a way to think about will via theory, history, and
philosophy and introduces ways to put them into practice. Now, I admit that this book is different
and difficult. It encourages people to think of the phenomenon as a series of interlocked rings.
The book examines each ring—each represents one of the 14 essential elements. I examine each
ring separately, but synthesize them into a coherent whole slowly, as you move through the
book. This book uses an allegory and movement to help people think about this awe-inspiring
concept and to move the discussion along. The allegory, a spin-off from Plato’s Cave discussion
in the Republic, occurs during a long trek from the dark pit of Plato’s Cave where false truths
rule the day but whose strength dissipates as one moves up, up to the light of truth. Before the
trek starts, the departing group resolves to master will. Because of its difficulty, learning about
will’s workings must become a concerted effort for thinking people. With successful grasping of
these ideas and concepts, readers can fill an existing void—a hole in the fabric of conflict—with
comprehension of a systematic thought model that this book presents and explores.
With this introduction as a setting, the group begins ascent of a steep and obstacle-strewn
path, ever so foreboding, dark, and narrow. I guide two travelers in this journey, my acolytes
including one Über-thinker1 and one thought pilgrim,2 who escaped from the Cimmerian Gloom
of Plato’s Cave. Of course, my intrepid readers also accompany our group. This subject has been
1
Über-thinker – literally, a great, or better-than-anybody typeof thinker. This kind of thinker transcends all other thinkers and is
trained and educated to engage in mental combat and to win against any foe, in any domain, at any level of conflict, day or night.
This thinker is older and more experienced than a thought pilgrim.
2
Thought pilgrim – a person preparing themselves for ‘deep thinking’ engagements by traveling to their personal ‘high country,’
which is conducive to their brand of deep thinking. Younger than theÜber-thinker, the thought pilgrim is an intellectual
apprentice, perhaps a journeyman.

3
long over-looked; I do not know why, but its absence from detailed and serious discussions about
conflict seems obvious. Throughout history, it has been highly influential, but despite its
importance, it has been mentioned, for the most part, in the sense of platitudes, abstractions, or
broad generalities. Curiously, there isn’t a book like this tome to my knowledge, but it has, in my
experience, been sorely needed. This is not to say people don’t use the word, and I certainly
admit great leaders do some of which I speak because they had a personal doctrine suggesting
the presence of an innate, intuitive sensing about will. And, some philosophers discuss will
somewhat relative to my book (Schopenhauer and Nietzsche—I quote both in my book), but not
exactly in the way I wanted to discuss it. I thus concluded there is more to will than platitudes
and innate sensings. All of us ordinary people need to take the time and expend the mental effort
to think deeply and critically about this marvelous phenomenon to put it into practice, but
generally, one needs a guide for thinking about the subject. This book, in its entirety presents the
guide—a detailed method for thinking about this difficult subject matter. With this methodology,
one has the potential to codify will’s intellectual, historical, philosophical, and conceptual
underpinnings.
In my book, I provide my travelers and my readers with a variety of models. Models help us
learn ‘how to think’ not only about will but also about future adversaries and fields of strife. As
one model, I use duality from Clausewitz’s book On War. Clausewitz’s thoughts involving our
subject can help us, as he wrote in On War,
War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to
do our will.3
He also wrote this thought that involves our subject,
One more observation needs to be made, which
goes to the very heart of the matter. Only the
commander who imposes his will can take the
enemy by surprise; and in order to impose his will,
he must act correctly.4
Aggressive acts of will, man’s nemesis, have caused war, death, and famine from the
beginning of recorded time. Such struggles connect with the past and dominate conflict today. Its
tentacles stretch forth and connect with future conflict. When I speak of this phenomenon,
however, I’m not speaking of ‘will power’ or ‘free will’ or the ‘will to live,’ as those constitute
topics for someone else. Instead, I’m speaking of the aggressive side of man and his desire for
power, money, revenge, and so on. I am speaking about man and his tendencies to satisfy his
yearnings. He finds an obstacle—say another human being— and thus seeks to impose his will
on this person, who may not acquiesce to said imposition. An equation is at work, and it is
deceptively simple—one person wants something another possesses. He conjures his will and
imposes it via action to satiate his desires. The recipient of this violence resists or complies.
While climbing the trail from Plato’s Cave, a whispering draft in this dreaded cave brings
forth this question, “Who should read this book about your explanation of will?” I answer as
such, “All people who could be involved in conflict—present or future—of any type, should not
only read, but study this book.” All forms of conflict involve a struggle of sorts to establish
3
Carl von Clausewitz, On War, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), 75.
4
Clausewitz, 200.

4
dominance. But conflict doesn’t have to pit one army against another army. It could be friendly
conflict, such as in football or basketball games. Contrarily though, a clash could be antagonistic.
If so, this clash could involve two people or a group of people trying to perform a hostile take-
over of a company or a country trying to abscond with another country’s source of wealth or
perhaps a warm-water port. So, a wide range of people in a multitude of jobs and positions in life
should read this book—here you see a smattering; more are in the book.
1. Decision-makers
2. Policy makers
3. Military leaders
4. Military strategists
5. War College attendees and instructors
6. Command and Staff attendees and instructors
7. Law enforcement
8. District Attorneys
9. Corporate leaders and their security people
10. Government leaders
11. Border agents
12. Drug Enforcement Agents (DEA)
13. Transportation Security Officers (TSA)
14. Conflict scholars
Six premises frame the substantive thoughts of this book. Practitioners and students of
conflict should work with these premises build upon them or add more premises.
1. Practitioners and students of conflict must know will’s intricacies and put this
knowledge into practice.
2. The importance of will is self-evident. It is the central idea of conflict and
competition.
3. The subject is difficult to master and put into use; therefore, to succeed, one has to
use a method of ‘how to think’ about the subject to comprehend and use its powers.
4. To understand and employ this subject I present a thought model. It has 14 essential
elements: 1) life-force; 2) purpose; 3) strength of motive; 4) capabilities; 5)
determination; 6) perseverance; 7) sacrifice; 8) passion; 9) advantage; 10)
disadvantage; 11) imposition; 12) action; 13) assessment; and 14) adaptation.
5. In conflict, the winner always considers their adversary’s point of view (this is
duality), and the operational context within which the clashes occurs.
6. To put forth the highest-quality5 thinking possible, one must know, understand, and
comprehend ‘connectedness.’ It requires thinking skills—holism and synthesis.
Cautious but still inquisitive, apparitions appear in and out, to and fro, and wander about in
the dark of Plato’s Cave; as they roam, they come to me and ask, “What techniques did you use
5 Quality: The degree of excellence in a product, thought, play, book, briefing, solution, and the like. It is judged by identifying a
predetermined and defined standard or set of standards derived from the essence of an outcome that acknowledges the purposeof
an effort and satisfies the purpose, recognizing the central idea, nub, core that is the cause of theeffect—the output of an
endeavor, action, product, a finish place in a track meet, recognizing a good wine, enjoying a good book, or thosepredetermined
criteria with which one judges its degree of goodness.

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to help readers thrash through the brush and obstacles along the trail to the light while trying to
understand and comprehend ‘will?” I answer, “I used these ten approaches you see below.”
1. Allegory.
2. Thought travelers.
3. Excursions into my inner sanctum.
4. High country.
5. Thought models.
6. Graphics.
7. Fragments spun into wholes.
8. Poetry.
9. Thoughts in quotes.
10. Digressions, side bars, and Chautauquas.
In our effort to understand will, we immediately draw a conclusion—people compete with
other people for control or influence of a wide variety of things and situations involving
conditions such as position, presence, appearance, dominance, influence, power, wealth,
position, promotion, bonuses, land, resources, and so on. So to help us understand the
fundamentals of this powerful force, I developed and use this definition throughout my book:
The appearance of one’s desire, volition,
life-force—empowered by potency of
resolve and willingness to sacrifice, that
when yoked with strength of motive and
appropriate capabilities, provides action
sufficient to accomplish or satisfy an aim,
goal, objective, strategy and thereby
imposing one’s desires over and gaining the
acquiescence of a resisting entity, or
understanding the phenomenon sufficiently
to resist such attempts from another human
entity.
I explain that in my view, as I mentioned above,14 interconnected elements are at play within
this phenomenon—1) life-force; 2) purpose; 3) strength of motive; 4) capabilities;
5) determination; 6) perseverance; 7) sacrifice; 8) passion; 9) advantages; 10) disadvantages;
11) imposition; 12) action; 13) assessment; and, 14) adaptation. To master the concept, people
must know each element and how they relate to one another.
Next, I present my book’s main ideas—they follow as words with bold font. Space doesn’t
allow for a total listing and discussion, so these following ideas have to suffice.
Duality is an important concept and is a thinking process—a mindset. As such, my Über-
thinker and thought pilgrim know they must occasionally ‘ride the wild pendulum’ of duality6 to
consider the adversary’s mind, mental prowess, points of view, empathy, his wargaming of ours,
thoughts about advantages and disadvantages, and, of course, how to think about struggles over
6
Duality – the stateof being in which one thinks in two connected opposites, in motion all the time, and emitting noise and
energy as one side interacts with the other. Duality, while difficult to understand and to remember, considers two parts – friendly
and adversary (and could increase the numbers in complicated contexts and conditions).

6
will in any contested operational context. The considerations our thinker makes about duality
always demand a relationship between friend and foe.
Deepthink7—provides our Über-thinker and thought pilgrim insights into human nature
and motivation—thus impositions of will. In their state of deep thinking our Über-thinker’s and
thought pilgrim’s minds discover a truism—purely altruistic activities always prove rare. Instead,
at the core of most human actions and struggles one finds self-interest. It is fully or partially
masked, and thereby not always obvious. But in this Hydra there exists a presence, a lingering
evil, possessing a voracious appetite to influence outcomes for one sole reason—self-interest,
whether in matters trivial or of life, or death. I tell my acolytes to always consider self-interest in
their examination of wills’ nub because it is self-interest that always nurtures the process.
Interestingly, self-interest, as much as it could be hidden or laying fallow, drives overly
aggressive people to enter and attempt to win contests of volition all the time; they do anything
to win these contests.
What does man seek as he attempts to impose his will. Most often, he seeks power. Why
does he want to keep it once he grasps and feels its razor-sharp edges? Reasons exist. Some
include: recognition, legacy, indestructability, destiny (determinism), and these forces transcend
time and burn in all human beings, but more so in some people than others. Cascading from
desire and volition, life-force appears, gains influence, and serves as the ‘midwife’ to will’s’
birth, maturation, and instantiation of purpose through essential elements. Astoundingly, during
this process, one connects with people who lived in antiquity. People of today entangle with
people who came before us; we connect and commune by reading and studying their words and
deeds. With the bonding of which I speak, one finds something common to in all ages—humans
fighting humans in warring struggles to successfully impose their will via force; this human
condition burdens mankind and grinds away any portents of humanness.
As we travel through this book, you find a constant drumming signifying the importance of
my 14 essential element model. I created it to help people understand and turn theory into
practice via ideas, concepts, and observations. Of interest, some of these elements prove
interchangeable in their order, but not in meaning.8 Also, they relate with one another and to all
elements. Sometimes in conflict, a paucity of elements comes into play; at other times, many
wait for their day. Please study this model in visual form.
7
Deep think – taking the time and expending the mental effort to think about a subject or problem deeply and critically.
8
Condition of stability – life-force, purpose, imposition, action, assessment, and adaptation; condition of flux – capabilities,
strength of motive, perseverance, determination, disadvantage, advantage, passion, sacrifice.

7
Figure 1. Model for Contemplating Will
I have also concluded that people must always ponder my 18 considerations to succeed in
contests of will. They help people plan, impose actions, assess outcomes, and adapt.
Understandably, it is difficult to remember all of the considerations so I put them into a graphic.
Figure 2. Considerations of will
Remember, various strains of these considerations prove essential for winning in any kind of
struggle. Similarly, a formidable adversary understands will and works a comparable approach.
In the book, I speak of and emphasize the importance of an ageless admonition—if you want
to impose your will on a resisting opponent, always consider and create a union of moral and
physical force. Moral forces stand essential for infusing energy into wills’ intricacies: interplay
of purpose, capabilities, strength of motive, determination, perseverance, passion, and
commitment to sacrifice. Holistic thinking, brought forth by synthesis, provides an indispensable
and irrefutable way to bring these two elements of conflict into the union of which I speak. The
all-important merger of moral and physical forces requires an active state of connectedness:
Purpose Imposition
Action
Operational Context
Operational Context
Data
Property of Wayne Michael Hall. All Rights Reserved.
14 Step ‘Will’ Thought Model
Feedback to Enable Heuristics
18 Considerations of ‘Will’
1. Life-force
2. Purpose
3. Capabilities
4. Strength of Motive
5. Passion
6. Perseverance
7. Determination
8. Advantages and Disadvantages
9. Sacrifice
10. That Which Truly Matters
11. Trinity and Centers of Gravity (COG), Incentives and
Inducements
12. Value of Objectives
13. Constraints
14. Pressure Points, Decisive Points, Centers of Gravity
15. Kinds of ‘Will’
16. Fear of Alternatives
17. Pressures
18. Affecting Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS)
Adaptation Cycles
4/10/17 Proprietary Information and Private Property.

8
People, organizations, countries, etc.,
merged into wholes, one hopes to be viable
and operable. When I speak of
connectedness, know I’m also including
people, organizations, objects, sub-systems,
micro-aggregations, macro-aggregations
comprising wholes, and many other
organisms and entities.
If one peers deeply into the entanglements in which they find themselves trussed, connectedness
always appears. Thus, of direct interest to our inquiry, physical and the nonphysical (moral and
physical) aspects of conflict entangle with one another. Finding this discussion challenging to
my acolytes, I encourage them to break off and travel to their particular high country. There, in
their high country,9 is where the Über-thinker and thought pilgrim think about duality and its
dependence upon connectedness and entanglement. Here they contemplate how to attack an
adversary’s strength of motive and willingness to sacrifice sufficiently well to prevail in a
struggle. It is their place to ponder mysteries, discover the purpose of will, and understand its
nub. Each side in any kind of conflict must account for connectedness whose presence
influences, always affecting their possible actions. This means they must affect their adversary’s
connectedness for an advantage to win. One of the goals—gain superiority in creating narratives,
defining truths, defining facts, presenting evidence, shaping interpretations of data, shaping
expectations, and influencing perceptions. Be aware though, of the difficulty one must endure
when working with connectedness. It is intellectually demanding because of the on and off
opacity of its bonding links and thereby requires high-quality holism and synthesis to succeed.
I next advise people to attend to their thinking about a vulnerability of will— this slant of
thought involves decay. Interestingly, decay is neutral in any conflict; each side in a clash can
induce decay. A useful strategy, regardless of organization or personal position, involves
targeting an adversary’s strengths to cause degradation, thus decay. I speak of strengths such as:
strength of motive, ego, position, wealth, morality, and ideology. They do so, however, by
simultaneously advising their decision-maker to be alert for adversary efforts to try to induce
decay into his strengths. Further, each side in a fray could attack one or more of the 14 elements
in my thought model specifically to induce decay. All elements appear vulnerable.
Early in the book I present the presence of different kinds of will. So, as a next step in our
summary, please stand on this escalator as it moves up the slope of aggression in the graphic
below. Immediately, you notice a variation in the types of people and how each relates with will
at intervals along this upward slope.
9
Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. (New York: Bantam Books, 1974), 113.

9
Figure 3. Glide Slope to Aggressive Imposition of Will - Redux
Sometimes people prove to be passive and therefore benign. They allow the activities of life to
come and go. These people are not overly assertive and prove content with normal, subdued
ripples of will—related activities involved with living. In this kind of living, some variations of
imposition action leading to ascendency of will are normal; I’m speaking about disciplining a
child, entering a weight losing contest, winning a softball game, and so on. The next step
involves people with normal but more active aggressiveness such as competing in business,
competing for promotions, or taking over a company, corporation, conglomerate. This form of
imposition is more antagonistic but still an accepted part of any society. Finally, one finds the
hyper-aggressive people; they live and thrive at the upper right portion of the slope. At the far
end of this depiction, one finds Hitler, Stalin, Genghis Khan, Kim Jong-un, Napoleon, and even
data manipulators and hackers. Power drives people like this; they have an insatiable desire to
acquire more power with the power they gain.
Now, let us consider vertical domain silos and horizontal levels of conflict troughs. My
book explains these two schemata. Understanding this theory has a direct impact on successfully
instantiating one’s will on other people or organizations, or defending oneself from another
person’s onslaught. Here, I advocate competing via clashes of will in the cells that become
visible when vertical domain silos slice into horizontal levels of conflict troughs:
Figure 4. The Cutting Board—Vertical Silos and Horizontal Troughs
With visualization and some thought, one can discern the importance of cells relative to vertical
horizontal domain silos and their intersections with horizontal levels of conflict troughs. This
graphic presents this notion: battles of will occur in the 28 cells. In this graphic you see four
Passive
Normal
Hyper
Aggressive
Normal
Aggressive
Life
Force
PotentialImpact
Potential DangerLow
Low
High
High

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horizontal levels of conflict troughs—Trough I—Grand Strategic (Policy), Trough II—Strategic
(Military), Trough III—Operational, and Trough IV—Tactical. You also see the Vertical
Domain Silos of seven domains of conflict—air, ground, sea, space, cyberspace, information,
and cognition (I added the last two domains). The graphic shows that an event or even a slight
disturbance at the low end of one vertical domain trough (Ground) can skyrocket diagonally
toward the upper right to affect the highest level of grand strategy—policy, Trough I and all cells
between. And, it leads us to think relationally, as all parts of this whole connect and function as a
self-contained entity, but when one part weakens, the other parts can weaken too—an exemplar
of holism. This is matrix war, where struggles over will occur among connected parts and pieces
of pressure points, decisive points, and centers of gravity, each scattered but connected across
and down the matrix’s cells—they are distributed aggregations. Arguably, distribution provides
some security, but when one piece is found and affected, the strength of the whole, across
vertical and horizontal entanglements, changes. Fundamentals of matrix war appear in my book.
Context is always more than it appears to be in contests of will. Its bubble surrounds any
conflict and sends data to all adversaries alerting them to changes in their certain context of strife
as either a plus or minus for each side in the fray of concern. Either side or both sides can
influence their adversary’s or competitor’s thinking, reasoning, rationale, and/or decision making
about will by manipulating true data or creating false data inputs from the context into the
adversary’s models for action and the rules that govern the action. Affecting an adversary’s co-
evolution capability anywhere along this generalized continuum—decide, act, assess, evaluate,
learn, adapt—interferes with this entity’s ability to cope and adapt in a fast changing and
turbulent operational context. This knowledge presents a wonderful advantage to an adversary
understanding how important co-evolution is to competing entities enduring battles of will.
In closing this summary, it is my unwavering thought that people must, at a minimum, do
three things: 1) carefully study the thoughts, models, and concepts in this book, 2) learn will’s
many intricacies, and 3) turn the book’s theory, history, and philosophy into action. This book
provides a treasure trove of ways to seek, find, and use advantages over their opponent in mental
combat via will. In my study of the phenomenon, I have found some interesting constants. They
include but are not limited, to: competitors must understand and cope with a nonlinear and linear
operational context; it is human beings who lead fights over dominance or advantage; in a
competitive contest, one side wins and the other loses; the specter of violence and suffering must
be considered; the stretch and influence of retribution reaches far to affect will; and self-interest
is always at play. Thus, my following admonition should peal as a truism—beware, as each and
every day you live, you shall stare into the eyes of voracious wolf of volition. It appears in many
forms and appears intermittingly. To do battle with the wolf, proceed down into the dark hollow
where he lives when not ravaging the world. Most often though, you find the hollow empty, the
restraining straps snapped, as the wolf of volition has absconded from the hollow; it appears
elsewhere, sometimes predictable and at other times completely unexpected. Regardless, it
appears and wreaks havoc all of the time, everywhere, no matter how much people desire peace.
This book explains the importance of understanding will, not to fear it, but to comprehend
and respect its intricacies and use them for altering the dark forces associated with will’s
constant appearance and influence in the course of human events. Then and only then does
humankind stand any chance of keeping the wolf of volition restrained in his keep, in the dark
hollow where he should reside. We know with certainty that we cannot kill him, but perhaps can
keep him constrained where the dark desires of mankind reside ever so deep.

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