Ppt for part 1
- 2. SOCIAL JUSTICE & OPPRESSION • Social Justice: The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities (NASW) • Oppression: The unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power (Merriam-Webster)
- 3. SOCIAL JUSTICE & OPPRESSION • Social differences create “isms” • Racism • Ethnocentrism • Classism • Ableism • Ageism • Heterosexism • (Anti-pluralism) • Sexism • Lookism • Religious Oppression/Belief in One True God (monotheism?)
- 4. OPPRESSED POPULATIONS INCLUDE: • Poor • People of color • LGBT • Women • Children • Disabled
- 5. FOUR TYPES OF OPPRESSION • Primary: blatant, through force or deprivation • Secondary: one benefits from the oppression of others • economic exploitation of poor, non-unionized, workers who can only obtain part-time or temporary work offered by employers • Tertiary: when one a member seeks acceptance by the dominant group by abandoning his/her own • Mixed: involves a combination of the above • (Hanna et al., 2000)
- 6. FIVE FACES OF OPPRESSION Exploitation - is the act of using people’s labors to produce profit while not compensating them fairly Marginalization - the act of relegating or confining a group of people to a lower social standing or outer limit or edge of society. Overall, it is a process of exclusion Powerlessness - the powerless are dominated by the ruling class and are situated to take orders and rarely have the right to give them • (Iris Marion Young)
- 7. FIVE FACES OF OPPRESSION Cultural imperialism - The groups that have power in society control how the people in that society interpret and communicate Violence - Members of some groups live with the knowledge that they must fear random, unprovoked attacks on their persons or property. These attacks do not necessarily need a motive but are intended to damage, humiliate, or destroy the person • (Iris Marion Young) • https://youtu.be/5yj-AYGOdXY
- 8. COMBINATIONS OF OPPRESSION Non-prejudiced, non-discriminator “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with being gay; and I would hire someone who is gay” Non-prejudiced, discriminator “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with being gay; but I wouldn’t hire someone who is gay because it could cause problems at work”
- 9. COMBINATIONS OF OPPRESSION Prejudiced, non-discriminator “I think being gay is wrong; but I would still hire someone who is gay if they are the best person for the job” Prejudiced, discriminator “I think being gay is wrong and I would refuse to hire anyone who is gay”
- 10. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM Is a theory of knowledge that holds that characteristics typically thought to be immutable and solely biological—such as gender, race, class, ability, and sexuality—are products of human definition and interpretation shaped by cultural and historical contexts (Subramaniam 2010)
- 11. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM Categorization is made based on body features, they are given meaning and then used to divide people into these groups Categories are not “natural” or fixed and the boundaries around them are always shifting—they are contested and redefined in different historical periods and across different societies
- 12. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM Examples One-drop Rule: regardless of their appearance, individuals with any African ancestor are considered black Gender: what may be believed as masculine features or feminine behavior in one society may be the exact opposite of what is considered natural for men and women in another Social status. College professor versus plumber.
- 13. SOCIAL CONSTRUCT & OPPRESSION • Social construction of differences between people are created (constructed) for political, social, or economic gain, such as: • "women are too emotionally unstable to vote" (because men want to stay in power) • "blacks are inferior; therefore slavery is acceptable" (because whites felt they were superior and wanted to stay in power) • "poor people are poor due to their own laziness and inferiority" (instead of due to market influences, economic exploitation, or unlivable wages)
- 14. RACIAL FORMATION • The Myth of Race • Social construct of race since the birth of the U.S. • White European descendants viewed themselves as an innately superior in intelligence and ability (5) • Dred Scott case – imported slaves and their descendants were members of a lesser race
- 15. RACIAL FORMATION • Social construct of race since the birth of the U.S. • White European descendants viewed themselves as an innately superior in intelligence and ability • Dred Scott case – imported slaves and their descendants were members of a lesser race
- 16. RACIAL FORMATION • Act of land ownership an indication of superior intelligence and character • Class status and land ownership used to exclude African Americans and poor whites from voting
- 17. RACIAL FORMATION • Race - The Census Bureau defines race as a person’s self- identification with one or more social groups • White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, or some other race. Survey respondents may report multiple races • U.S. Census Bureau
- 18. RACIAL FORMATION • Ethnicity determines whether a person is of Hispanic origin or not • Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino • Hispanics may report as any race • U.S. Census Bureau
- 19. RACIAL FORMATION • Hispanic: a Spanish-speaking person living in the U.S. • Does include persons from Spain • Latino: person of Latin American origin, including Caribbean (anything south of border) • Does include Brazil, but not Spain • Spanish: the language Hispanics speak • Spaniard: a person born in Spain
- 20. RACIAL FORMATION • Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another = ethnicity is a shared cultural heritage • The most common characteristics: ancestry, a sense of history, language, religion, and forms of dress
- 21. RACIAL FORMATION • Racial Identity: a sense of group or collective identity based on the person’s perception that he or she shares a common heritage with a particular racial group • What are some reasons why a person would identify with a race versus another? • Rachel Dolezal
- 22. RACIAL FORMATION • Racism. An ideology or belief system that hierarchically organizes groups into different “races,” such that some groups are believed to be superior or inferior to others; and a system of inequality made up of policies and practices in which opportunity is enabled or limited based on racial identity.
- 23. CREATING WHITE PRIVILEGE • White Privilege. The benefits, advantages, and opportunities available to people who are identified as white; these privileges can be economic, cultural, social, psychological, etc. • How White Privilege works
- 24. CREATING WHITE PRIVILEGE • In what ways does White Privilege manifests itself today? • The Privilege Test
- 25. CREATING WHITE PRIVILEGE • Redlining. Real estate related practice that puts services, financial and otherwise, out of reach for residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity. • It normally includes the systematic denial of mortgages, insurance, loans and other financial services based on location (and that geography area’s history) rather than an individual's qualifications and creditworthiness. Redlining is most palpable in minority neighborhoods. • The Disturbing History of the Suburbs