Presentación grammar help
- 2. PASSIVE VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE am/is/are was/were will be Am/is/are going to be have/has been had been can be should be might be etc 3a. Columna de verbo irregular O Regular verb +ed EXAMPLE: The glass is broken by the kid.
- 3. CAUSATIVE HAVE EXAMPLES: I HAVE MY CAR REPAIRED EVERY YEAR. I WILL HAVE MY HAIR CUT. SUBJECT + HAVE + OBJECT + PAST PATICIPLE. Have/has Had Will have Am/is/are going to have Had had Can have Should have NOTA: COSES QUE ALGÚ FA PER TU. HAVEcanvia segons temps verbal (present simple, passat, futur, etc) IGUAL QUE EN LA PASSIVA CANVIA EL TO BE
- 4. ATTENTION! PASSIVE AND CAUSATIVE HAVE HAVE VERY SIMILAR STRUCTURES: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE HAVE + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE (a professional does the action for you: repair, test, cut, paint…)
- 5. CONDITIONALS • CONDITIONAL 0: IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT, SUBJECT + PRESENT TRUTHS, UNIVERSE RULES IF YOU HEAT ICE, IT MELTS. • 1ST COND: IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT, SUBJECT + WILL +VERB REAL SITUATION IF YOU STUDY A LOT, YOU WILL PASS. • 2ND COND: IF + SUBJECT + PAST , SUBJECT + WOULD + VERB HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION IF YOU BROKE YOUR LEG, YOU WOULD NOT PLAY FOOTBALL. • 3RD COND: IF + SUBJECT+ PAST PERFECT, SUBJECT + WOULD + HAVE + P. PARTICIPLE IMPOSSIBLE SITUATION IF YOU HAD OPENED THE DOOR, THE GIRL WOULD HAVE COME IN. NOTICE! UNLESS = IF NOT IF = WHETHER
- 6. I WISH… • I WISH SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE • I WISH I HAD A FERRARI A DREAM, A WISH… • I WISH SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT • I WISH I HAD BOUGHT A FERRARI IT IS PAST, YOU CANNOT UNDO IT.
- 7. REPORTED SPEECH • `I AM HUNGRY´, SHE SAID. • SHE SAID THAT SHE WAS HUNGRY. PRESENT > PAST PAST SIMPLE > PAST PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT > PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT > PAST PERFECT FUTURE > CONDITIONAL (SAME FOR THE CONTINUOUS TENSES: PRESENT CONTINUOUS > PAST CONTINUOUS AND SO FORTH) TIME & PLACE EXPRESSIONS MUST CHANGE TOO: NOW > THEN, TOMORROW > THE NEXT DAY... HERE> THERE Reporting questions: YES/NO QUESTIONS `IS SHE HERE´, PAUL ASKED. HE ASKED IF YOU WERE HERE. WH- QUESTIONS `WHERE IS ANNE?´, ARTHUR ASKED. ARTHUR ASKED WHERE ANNE WAS.
- 8. RELATIVE PRONOUNS • WHICH/THAT THIS IS THE BOOK WHICH I BOUGHT YESTERDAY. • WHO/THAT ANNE IS THE GIRL WHO IS GOING OUT WITH ERIC. • WHERE I LOVE THE HOUSE WHERE I WAS BORN. • WHEN THIS IS THE TIME OF THE YEAR WHEN WE TAKE OUR EXAMS. • WHOSE THAT IS THE WOMAN WHOSE DOG IS DANGEROUS. • WHOM I LIKE THE BAND TO WHOM YOU ARE LISTENING NOW.
- 9. MODAL VERBS • CAN (BE ABLE TO) • COULD • MAY • MIGHT • MUST • HAVE TO • NEED • SHOULD • OUGHT TO PERFECT MODALS MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE HE MUST HAVE FAILED. HE LOOKS SO SAD… MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE HE MIGHT HAVE FOUND HIS KEYS. THE DOOR IS OPEN NOW. COULD HAVE + PAST PATICIPLE I COULD HAVE STUDIED MORE. I PASSED BUTMY MARK IS LOW. SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I SHOULD HAVE TOLD HER `I LOVE YOU´. SHE SAYS I NEVER DID.