Class 16 & 17
- 1. Pastevents. -Adverbs of time.-Use of adjectives.-Comparatives and superlatives.-Future tense.-Will and goingto. Professor: Manuel MorenoCLASS N° 16 & 17Professor: Manuel Moreno
- 2. CONVERSATION 1Bruce: Haveyoueverworkedbefore, Alice? Alice: Yes. Around a yearago I workedfor a software company in Seattle. Bruce: That’sawesome. And wheredidyoustudy? Alice: I studied software engineering in theUniversity of Ottawa. conversation 2Richard: Hey John. Did you play tennis yesterday? John: No, I totally forgot about my practice session! Richard: And what did you do instead of it? John: I played my guitar all day long.
- 3. Adverbs of timeSome adverbs tell us when something happened.These include: afterwards, later, now, soon, yesterday etc.For example:- Yesterday all my troubles seemed so far away. - In this sentence yesterday shows us when the singers troubles seemed so far away..
- 4. Other adverbs of time include:- Time Example Saturday, Sunday... I am going to the shops on Monday. Today I've been to the shops today. Yesterday I went yesterday. Next week/month/year I am going next week. Last week/month/year I went last year. Finally I finally went. Eventually I eventually went to the shops. Already I've already been to the shops. Soon I'm going to the shops soon. Just I'm just going to the shops. Still I'm still at the shops.
- 6. ANSWERS:
- 9. QualifyingAdjectivesAwake despiertoAsleep dormidoBeautiful hermosoUgly feobig grandeSmall pequeñobitter amargoSweet dulcedead muertoAlive vivodeep profundoShallow superficialdirty sucioclean limpioexpensive caroCheap baratoFar lejanoNear cercano
- 10. fast rápidoSlow lentofat gordothin flaco, delgadofull llenoempty vacíoglad contentosad tristegood buenobad malohappy felizsorry apenadohard duro soft blandoHealthy saludablesick enfermoHeavy pesadolight livianoHigh altoLow bajohot calientecold frío long largoshort cortonew nuevoold viejopolite cortésrude groseroPoor pobre
- 11. ComparisonWe use thecomparativeformwhenwewantto compare twoobjects. Tomakethesecomparisonweneedtobeaware of certain rules:Wehavetoadd “er” totheadjective, or “r” ifitendswith “e”.Short- Shorter… Tall-Taller.e.g., He is taller thanhisbrother. He isshorterthanhisbrother.Yourpencilislargerthan mine.Yourpencilissmallerthan mine.
- 12. Ifthewordendswith a vowel + consonant, weaddanotherconsonant.big-bigger…. Hot-hotter… sad-saddere.g., Summerishotterthan Winter.Romanticmovies are sadderthancomedies.Theelephantisbiggerthanthe mouse.
- 13. Ifthewordendswith “y”, wechangeitfor “ier”.Happy-happier…. Dry-Drier He ishappierthanhisfriend. He issadderthanhisfriend.The Atacama DesertisdrierthanthePacificOcean.ThePacificOceaniswetterthanthe Atacama Desert.
- 14. Whentheadjective has more than 3 syllables, thecomparativeisformedbyusingtheword “more” beforetheadjective. A car is more expensive than a bicycle.Albert Einstein is more intelligentthanHomer Simpson.
- 15. SuperlativesWeformthesuperlativeformwiththefollowing rules:Wehavetoadd “est” totheadjective, or “st” ifitendswith “e”.Small- theSmallest… Nice- theNicestIfthewordendswith a vowel + consonant, weaddanotherconsonant.Big- thebiggest… hot- thehottest… sad- thesaddest
- 16. Ifthewordendswith “y”, wechangeitfor “iest”.happy - thehappiestface.Healthy – Thehealthiestfood.
- 17. 3 or more syllablesadjectives.Thesuperlativeisformedbyusingtheword “themost” beforetheadjective.Themostexpensivehouse. Themostbeautifulgirl.Themostcomfortablebed.
- 18. ExceptionsThere are someexceptionstothe rules, thesewordsdon’tfollowthesamepattern of rules. These are the irregular forms of adjectives.
- 20. Less… than (menos que..)Itisusedforadjectivesthathave 3 or more syllables.E.g., Living in Chile is LESS expensivethan living in the U.S.AE.g., Sheis AS tall AS my brother.E.g., Living in Chile isnot as/so expensive as living in Europe.EQUAL COMPARISON: AS… ASNOT… AS
- 21. Note: the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative.
- 22. Adjectives that end in a vowel and one consonant double that final consonant:
- 23. big bigger the biggest
- 24. hot hotter the hottest
- 25. wet wetter the wettest Exercises(comparativeorsuperlative?)1. This computer is newer (new) than your computer. 2. Lisa is _______________(old) than George. 3. George is ______________(young) than Lisa. 4. Lucy is _____________________(young) student in the class. 5. That car is _______________________(expensive) than my car. 6. That car is __________________________(expensive) in the market. 7. Your car is ______________________(fast) than this car. 8. Your car is _______________________(fast) in the race. 9. This house is _____________________(big) than my house! 10. This house is ______________________(big) in the neighbourhood.
- 26. More exercises…1. William Shakespeare is _______________(famous) writer in England. 2. The elephant is _________________(big) than the lion. 3. Sergio is _______________(old) than Malcolm. 4. Our house is ________________(old) in the neighbourhood. 5. That book is_________________(interesting) than the newspaper. 6. This cake is ___________________(delicious) than that one. 7. This is __________________(bad) programme in television history. 8. That picture is ____________________(clear) than this one.
- 27. Use either as … as or not as … as in the sentences below.Example: Ben Nevis is __________ as Mont Blanc (not/high).Answer: Ben Nevis is not as high as Mont Blanc.1) The blue car is________________the red car. (fast)2) Peter is ___________________Fred. (not/tall)3) The violin is ____________________the cello. (not/low)4) This copy is ____________________the other one. (bad)5) Oliver is __________________Peter. (optimistic)6) Today it's ____________________yesterday. (not/windy)7) The tomato soup was___________________the mushroom soup. (delicious)8) Grapefruit juice is _________________lemonade. (not/sweet)9) Nick is__________________Kevin. (brave)10) Silver is __________________gold. (not/heavy)
- 28. Future tenseWILL
- 31. GoingtoGoing to – intentionWe use going to when we have the intention to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision before speaking. Look at these examples:Jo has won the lottery. He says he's going to buy a Porsche. We're not going to paint our bedroom tomorrow. When are you going to go on holiday?In these examples, we had an intention or plan before speaking. The decision was made before speaking.Going to - predictionWe often use going to to make a prediction about the future. Our prediction is based on present evidence. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:The sky is very black. It's going to snow. It's 8.30! You're going to miss the train! I crashed the company car. My boss isn't going to be very happy!In these examples, the present situation (black sky, the time, damaged car) gives us a good idea of what is going to happen.
- 32. STRUCTURES GOING TOThe affirmative structure is:subject + be + going + infinitiveThe verb be is conjugated (past, present or future).
- 35. UsingwillWhenwehaven’tdecidedaboutthefutureyet, orwemake a prediction. Weoften use wordssuch as, think, definitely, probably, sure…e.g., I thinkitwill rain today.The shops willbetoobusytomorrow. (prediction)Itprobablywillbe a bright, sunnydaytoday.We decide at the time of speakingto do something.e.g., thephonerings, and yousay “I’llgetit”.
- 36. Will + Verb (base form) It will snow tomorrow. She won't win the election. Used for predictions Will + Verb (base form)The concert will begin at 8 o'clock. When will the train leave? Used for scheduled events Will + Verb (base form)Will you marry me? I'll help you with your homework after class Used for promises Will + Verb (base form) I'll make you a sandwich. They'll help you if you want.Used for offers Will + Verb (base form)He will telephone as soon as he arrives. Will you visit me when you come next week? Used in combination with time clauses (as soon as, when, before, after) Structure for ALL SubjectsS + will + verb (base form) positiveI'll ('ll is the short form for 'will') see you tomorrow.S + will not (won't) + verb (base form) negativeI won't be here tomorrow.will + S + verb (base form) questionWill she be here tomorrow?
- 37. READINGRead this weather forecast for tomorrow: In Seattle, it will be rainy and windy tomorrow morning with rain falling until late in the afternoon. On the east side of the mountains in Spokane, the sun will shine and temperatures will reach 30 degrees Celsius. In the evening, the weather will become windy and cloudy. In the mountains, you can expect snow above 2,000 meters. Answer these questions: What will the weather be like in Seattle?What will the weather be like in Spokane?What will the weather be like in the mountains?
- 38. ChoosetherightfutureformI will / am goingtostudyEnglishnextyear.Sheisgoingto / willprobablygo home in a few minutes.Theywill / are goingtowatch a romanticmovie, becausethey are so keenonthiskind of movies.I am goingto / willpay my billson Friday, it’s my dutyto do it.Man: Here comes theball!!Girl: I am goingto / willgetit!!
- 39. A: Doesanyonewantto come tothecinemawith me tonight? B: Sure! I’mgoingto / I’llgowithyou. I haven’tgotanyplansfortoday.Wewill / are goingtohave a barbecuenextSaturday.I’m a bit nervous. I am goingto / willtakeanexamthisafternoon.Waitfor me! I am goingto / willgowithyou.What are you going to do for Christmas?a) I'm going to stay at home.b) I will stay at home.Where will you go on your holidays?a) I will go to Berlin.b) I’m going to Berlin.