Presentation on boiler and cogeneration
- 2. Cogeneration is an energy-efficient, environmentally- friendly method of producing electricity (power), steam and/or hot water at the same time, in one process, with one fuel COGENERATION
- 3. BOILER IS DEFINED AS A CLOSED VESSEL IN WHICH STEAM IS PRODUCED FROM WATER BY THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL. THEY ARE ALSO CALLED STEAM GENERATORS. BOILERS ARE USED MAINLY IN POWER PLANT FOR GENERATING HIGH PRESSURE STEAM TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY BOILER PLANT
- 4. 1. BOILERS ARE USED MAINLY IN POWER PLANT FOR GENERATING HIGH PRESSURE STEAM TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. IN POWER PLANT HIGH PRESSURE STEAM IS EXPANDED THROUGH NOZZLES TO RUN STEAM TURBINE WHICH GENERATES ELECTRICITY. 2. IN COLD COUNTRIES HOT WATER PRODUCING BOILERS ARE USED FOR HEATING THE BUILDINGS. 3. BOILERS ALSO FIND ITS APPLICATION IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES FOR SIZING AND BLEACHING, AND MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES LIKE SUGAR MILLS AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. PURPOSE OF BOILER
- 5. CLASSIFICATION OF BOILER 1. Horizontal, Vertical or Inclined: Depending upon the orientation of the axis of a boiler it can be classified as horizontal, vertical, or inclined. If the axis of the boiler is horizontal, it is called horizontal boiler. If the axis is vertical, it is called vertical boiler . If the axis is inclined at an angle then it is called inclined boiler.
- 6. 2. Fire Tube and Water Tube: In fire tube boilers, hot flue gases flows through the tubes and water surrounds the tubes. Examples: Cochran, Lancashire and Locomotive boilers. In water tube boilers, water flows inside the tube and hot flue gases surrounds the tubes. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling, Yarrow boiler
- 7. 3. Externally Fired and Internally Fired: If the fire or burning of the fuel is done outside the shell then it is externally fired boiler. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling boiler. If the burning of fuel or the furnace is located inside the shell then it called internally fired boiler. Example: Cochran, Lancashire boiler. 4. Forced Circulation and Natural Circulation: In forced circulation boilers, a forced pump is used for the circulation of water through the tubes. Examples: Velox, Lamont, Benson boilers. In natural circulation boilers, circulation of water takes place due to natural convection currents produced by the application of heat. Examples: Babcock and Wilcox, Lancashire boiler.
- 8. 5. High Pressure and Low Pressure Boilers: The boilers which produce steam at pressures above 80 bar are called high pressure boilers. Velox, Lamont, Benson, Babcock and Wilcox boilers Boilers which produce steam at pressure below 80 bar are called low pressure boilers. Example: Cochran, Lancashire and Locomotive boilers. 6. Stationary and Portable: Boiler which are fixed at one place are called portable boilers like the boiler used in power plants. Portable boiler are small in size and are used in locomotive type, and temporary on site purposes.
- 9. PROBLEM ON CAMPUS… The boiler plant is very inefficient it does excess amounts of heat energy loss. The heating bill for the winter of 2015 was over budget. The price of the natural gas doubled in the last 5 years.
- 10. Cogeneration - A process in which an industrial facility uses its waste energy to produce heat or electricity. Cogeneration is an energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly method of producing electricity (power), steam and/or hot water at the same time, in one process, with one fuel.
- 11. IS THE USE OF A POWER STATION TO SIMULTANEOUSLY GENERATE BOTH HEAT AND ELECTRICITY. CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS EMIT THE HEAT CREATED AS A BYPRODUCT OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION INTO THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH COOLING TOWERS, AS FLUE GAS, OR BY OTHER MEANS. CHP CAPTURES THE EXCESS HEAT FOR DOMESTIC OR INDUSTRIAL HEATING PURPOSES. BASICS OF COGENERATION
- 12. Cogeneration solutions simply reduce waste, with only 10%-15% losses, compare that with the 55% or more using traditional generation methods and it is clear that cogeneration uses fuel more efficiently.
- 13. HOW IT WILL HELP… Estimates are that the boiler plant is 50% efficient at capturing heat for use around the campus. Instituting a cogeneration plant along side the boiler plant could rise that efficiency rate to around 70-90%, thereby saving a lot of wasted energy.
- 14. SELECTING COGENERATION SYSTEMS: Bottoming Cycle Used forsmall cogeneration systems ToppingCycle Used forlargecogeneration systems SELECTINGCOGENERATIONSYSTEMS
- 15. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF COGENERATION IS THE “TOPPING CYCLE” WHERE FUEL IS FIRST USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY OR MECHANICAL ENERGY AT THE FACILITY AND A PORTION OF THE WASTE HEAT FROM POWER GENERATION IS THEN USED TO PROVIDE USEFUL THERMAL ENERGY.
- 16. By contrast, Bottoming-cycle systems, also known as “waste heat to power,” are a process whereby waste heat from an existing process is used to produce electricity..
- 17. CONTRIBUTING TO PREVENTION OF GLOBAL WARMING… A cogeneration system utilizes exhaust heat which is dumped in generating electricity, and so makes the most of the limited resources. Because it reduces the amount of exhausting greenhouse gas such as CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and NOx(Nitrogen Oxides), it can contribute a lot to prevention of global warming.
- 18. PROVEN TECHONOLOGY… At Hindalco we are having the Cogeneration Plant in which we use the steam for the process requirement as well as power generation