Presentation skills
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This document provides guidance on improving presentation skills. It discusses the importance of being able to effectively express ideas to others. While preparation and content are important, delivery is also key. The document provides tips on using eye contact, body language, voice, preparing content using the "3 As" framework of analyzing the audience, defining the desired action, and arranging the argument, developing effective visual aids, and responding well to questions. The overall aim is to help presenters improve their skills and confidence when speaking publicly.
Presentation skills
- 1. Presentation Skills Jennifer L. Peel, Ph.D. Director of Education Office of Graduate Medical Education
- 2. While hard work and good ideas are essential to success, your ability to express those ideas and get others to join you is just as important. Much of this verbal expression will be one on one or in small groups, but periodically you will be involved in more formal and public speaking in front of larger numbers. If this thought makes you nervous, you are not alone. Many speakers lack the skills and confidence to make effetcive presentations. We have all been victims of speakers who put us to sleep. Despite knowing how ineffective many speakers are, many of us have found that, despite the best intentions, we haven’t fared much better. We knew the topic and the ideas were written down, but the presentation still didn’t go well. Was it the way you delivered the presentation? Was it because the audience didn’t seem interested?
- 3. “The biggest problem with communication is the illusion that it has been accomplished.” -George Bernard Shaw
- 4. What was wrong with that?
- 5. What is your vision of the ideal presenter in our environment?
- 6. Self-Assessment + Δ
- 7. “I always think a great speaker convinces us not by force of reasoning but because he is visibly enjoying the beliefs he wants us to accept.” -W.B. Yeats
- 8. Objectives for Today By the end of the session, participants will be able to… utilize eye contact, body language and voice to their advantage in a presentation, apply the 3 A’s in preparing content for a presentation, develop visual aids that reflect good instructional design properties, and respond to questions in an effective manner.
- 9. General Competencies Interpersonal Communication Professionalism Practice-Based Learning & Improvement
- 10. Podium Panic For some people, the thought of giving a presentation is more frightening than falling off a cliff, financial difficulties, snakes and even death.
- 11. Dealing with Podium Panic Audiences are forgiving Nervousness is usually invisible Be yourself Practice deep breathing/ visualization techniques Begin in your comfort zone
- 12. Check out the room in advance Concentrate on the message Begin with a slow, well prepared intro; have a confident and clear conclusion Be prepared and practice
- 13. Eye Contact Never let them out of your sight. Looking them in the eye makes them feel that they are influencing what you say. Eye contact allows the presentation to approximate conversation—the audience feels much more involved.
- 14. Body Language NO-NO’s Lean on or grip the podium Rock or sway in place Stand immobile Use a single gesture repeatedly Examine or bite your fingernails
- 15. Body Language NO-NO’s Cross your arms in front of your chest Use obviously practiced or stilted gestures Chew gum or eat candy Click or tap your pen, pencil or pointer
- 16. Body Language NO-NO’s Lean into the microphone Shuffle your notes unnecessarily Tighten your tie or otherwise play with your clothing Crack your knuckles Jangle change or key in your pocket
- 17. Voice Voice Intelligibility Voice Variability Articulation Rate of speech Pronunciation Volume Vocalized Pitch or tone pauses Emphasis Overuse of stock expressions Substandard grammar
- 18. Preparing Content 3 A’s Analyze your AUDIENCE. Define what ACTION you want them to take. Arrange your ARGUMENT to move them.
- 19. Analyze Your Audience What are their names, titles, backgrounds, reasons for attending, etc…? What are their big concerns? What are their objectives, fears, hot buttons, and attitudes?
- 20. Analyze Your Audience What is their perception of you and your institution? What are their questions likely to be? What is personally at stake for them? How much detail do they need?
- 21. Define What Action What action do you want the audience to take? Define it in terms of the audience. What will they feel, believe, and do after hearing your talk?
- 22. Arranging Your Argument 1. Shake hands with the audience. 2. Get to the point. 3. Present your theme. 4. Tell ‘Em3. 5. Develop your agenda point by point. 6. Summarize and recommend.
- 23. Your turn!
- 24. Visual Aids
- 25. Visual Aids (not the stars of the show)
- 27. Big •Should be able to read everything from the back row •At least 28 pt, preferably 36 •Use the floor test
- 28. Simple •No more than 6 lines •No more than 7 words per line
- 29. Clear •Arial or Helvetica •Blue background with yellow text •Avoid overuse of red, shadows, animation and transitions •Beware of busy backgrounds
- 30. Clear •Clip art should add to the content •Ditto on sound clips •Use a different background only to emphasize one slide
- 31. ds Ai e al d b su ul i o V h s nt r he ’s o ke e a ft. sp le
- 32. Your turn!
- 33. Questions & Answers “Does anyone have any questions for my answers?” -Henry Kissinger
- 34. Questions & Answers Beginning of a whole new interactive presentation Opportunity to make a point Most presentations are won or lost here
- 35. Questions & Answers Anticipate lines of Don’t repeat negative questioning questions Rehearse Clarify question Don’t rank questions Defer to experts Keep answers brief Move your eyes off Be honest—don’t BS questioner Avoid negative words If negative, end your response focused on somebody else
- 36. THE RULE NEVER argue with a member of the audience.
- 37. Instead… Look at the questioner. Remain neutral and attentive. Listen to the whole question. Pause before you respond. Address the questioner, then move your eyes to others.
- 38. Easy as A B C “I can’t Answer that question Because …, but I Can tell you…”
- 39. Self-Assessment + Δ
- 40. “Better to keep your mouth shut and appear ignorant than open it and remove all doubt.” -Mark Twain
- 41. Objectives for Today By the end of the session, participants will be able to… utilize eye contact, body language and voice to their advantage in a presentation, apply the 3 A’s in preparing content for a presentation, develop visual aids that reflect good instructional design properties, and respond to questions in an effective manner.
- 42. “Make sure you have finished speaking before your audience has finished listening.” -Dorothy Sarnoff
Editor's Notes
- #3: While hard work and good ideas are essential to success, your ability to express those ideas and get others to join you is just as important. (I apologize if you can’t see this in the back of the room, but it’s in your handout). Much of this verbal expression will be one on one or in small groups, but periodically you will be involved in more formal and public speaking in front of larger numbers. If this thought makes you nervous, you are not alone. Many speakers lack the skills and confidence to make effetcive (oops, I guess that’s a typo) presentations. We have all been victims of speakers who put us to sleep. Despite knowing how ineffective many speakers are, many of us have found that, despite the best intentions, we haven’t fared much better. We knew the topic and the ideas were written down, but the presentation still didn’t go well. Was it the way you delivered the presentation? Was it because the audience didn’t seem interested?
- #18: Intelligibility =understandability Variability =expresses differences in meaning Articulation (enunciation)= the precision and clarity with which you utter the sounds of speech. Chiefly the job of the jaw, tongue, and lips. Most articulation problems come from laziness on the parts of these organs. Pronunciation =traditional or customary utterance of words. Common faults are the misplacement of accent, omitting sounds, adding sounds,and verbalizing silent letters. Vocalized pauses =uh, um, ah. Know your subject. Overuse of stock expressions =OK, like, you know. Conveys a lack of originality. Substandard grammar Force= variability of volume Pitch =highness or lowness Emphasis =stressing certain phrases or sections