Presentation1 About Decision
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The document discusses managerial decision making. It describes decision making as a process that managers go through to select actions to achieve organizational goals. The key aspects of the decision making process discussed are: identifying problems and criteria, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, selecting an alternative, implementing the decision, and evaluating the effectiveness. Rational and intuitive approaches to decision making are described, as are different decision styles. The document emphasizes that managers must make decisions carefully and consider the situation.
Presentation1 About Decision
- 2. INTRODUCTION Decision made by a manager. Manager is a person who work with or without going trought other people by coordinating their activities in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization Decision making is in the selection of alternative management actions to achieve goal. A managerial decision is measure of the effectiveness of the manager. The decision making process is how behavior and patterns of human communication as individuals and members of the group in the organizational structure.
- 3. Identify the problem (the gap between real and expected state) Identify decision criteria Allocation criteria weights Preparation of alternative Alternative Analysis Selection of alternative Implementation of the selected alternative Evaluate the effectiveness of decision
- 4. Problem Identification “My salespeople need new computers” Analysis of Alternatives a Acer Compaq Gateway HP Micromedia NEC Sony Toshiba © Prentice Hall, 2002 Identification of Decision Criteria Price Weight Warranty Screen type Reliability Screen size Selection of an Alternative Acer Compaq Gateway HP Micromedia NEC Sony Toshiba Allocation of Weights to Criteria Reliability 10 Screen size 8 Warranty 5 Weight 5 Price 4 Screen type 3 Development of Alternatives Acer Compaq Gateway HP Micromedia NEC Sony Toshiba Implementation of an Alternative Gateway Evaluation of Decision Effectiveness 6-4
- 5. 1. Plan: What long-term goals of the organization? Where is the best way to achieve those purposes? What should the short-term goals of the organization? How big is the effort to achieve the target in organization. 2. Organize: How many subordinates who must report to me directly How much centralization should exist within the organization How should the design of office when the organization should adopt a different structure
- 6. 3. Leads: How to deal with depression employee motivation? Which are the most effective leadership style in certain situations? How will the changes can affect worker productivity? When is the right time to resolve the conflict 4. Controls: Which activities should be controlled? How to control these activities? When the performance was large deviation mean? Which type of management information systems that must be owned by the organization?
- 7. Everyone in the organization make decisions, but the main decision maker in the organization is a manager. Make decisions that can be done through two (2) approaches, namely: 1. Rational = objective and logical 2. Intuition = subconscious decision-making process based on the experience and the considerations that have been collected.
- 8. Single, welldefined goal is to be achieved All alternatives and consequences are known Preferences are clear Preferences are constant and stable © Prentice Hall, 2002 Problem is clear and unambiguous Rational Decision Making Final choice will maximize payoff No time or cost constraints exist 6-8
- 9. Decisions based on ethical values or culture Values or ethics-based decisions Subconscious mental processing Decisions based on subconscious data © Prentice Hall, 2002 Decisions based on experience Experiencedbased decisions Intuition Decisions based on feelings and emotions Affectinitiated decisions Cognitivebased decisions Decisions based on skills, knowledge, or training 6-9
- 10. Decision style = style and decision makers will vary depending on the dimensions the way of thinking (rationality and logic) and one's tolerance of ambiguity. 1. Directing style 2. Analytical style 3. Conceptual style 4. Behavioral style
- 11. Tolerance for Ambiguity High Analytic Conceptual Directive Behavioral Low Rational Way of Thinking © Prentice Hall, 2002 Intuitive 6-11
- 12. Sometimes, in the narrow situation the manager cans make a decision with the authority to expedite the implementation of a program. This was done after the manager was thinking which one is better and more appropriate to decide so it does not cause a big chaos in the organization. Thus, caution is needed, the process and some types of approaches in order to take decisions properly.
- 13. Gibson, James L, Ivancevich, John M, Donelly Jr, James H (2000), Organizations , Behavior, Structure, Processes, 10th Edition, Irwin Mc. Graw Hill, USA. Robbins, Stephen P (2008), Organizational Behavior, Concept, and Aplication, 12th Edition, Prentice Hall, USA. Blog.wordpress.com.Peran Sistem Informasi dalam Pengambilan Keputusan. 16.10.47 WIB http://www.google.com. Making Career Decision. 16.15.30 WIB