Presentation1 plane-FORM SPACE AND ORDER

A line extended in a direction other
than its intrinsic direction becomes
a plane. Conceptually, a plane has
length and width, but no depth
Shape is the primary identifying
characteristic of a plane. It is
determined by the contour of the
line forming the edges of a plane.
Because our perception of shape can
be distorted by perspective
foreshortening, we see the true
shape of a plane only when view it
frontally
The supplementary properties of a
plane—its surface color, pattern,
and texture—affect its visual weight
and stability

In the composition of a visual
construction, a plane serves to
define the limits or boundaries of a
volume. If architecture as a visual
art deals specifically with the
formation of three-dimensional
volumes of mass and space, then the
plane should be regarded as a key
element in the vocabulary of
architectural design

Planes in architecture define three-
dimensional volumes of mass and
space. The properties of each
plane—size, shape, color, texture—
as well as their spatial relationship
to one another ultimately determine
the visual attributes of the form
they define and the qualities of
space they enclose.
In Architectural design, we
manipulate three generic types of
planes
Overhead Plane
The overhead plane can be either
the roof plane that shelters the
interior spaces of a building from
the climatic elements, or the ceiling
plane that forms the upper enclosing
surface of a room

Wall Plane
The wall plane, because of its
vertical orientation, is active in our
normal field of vision and vital to the
shaping and enclosure of
architectural space
Base Plane
The base plane can be either the
ground plane that serves as the
physical foundation and visual base
for building forms, or the floor plane
that forms the lower enclosing
surface of a room upon which we
walk

The ground plane ultimately supports all architectural construction .
Along with climate and other environmental conditions of a site , the
topographical character of the Ground plane influences the form of
the building that rises from it . The building can Merge with the
ground plane , rest firmly on it , or be elevated above it .
The ground plane itself can be manipulated as well to establish a
podium for a building Form . It can be elevated to honor a sacred or
significant place; bermed to define outdoor Spaces or buffer against
undesirable conditions ; carved or traced to provide a suitable
Platform on which to build ; or stepped to allow changes in elevation
to be easily traversed .

SCALA DE SPAGNA(SPANISH STEPS) , ROME 1721-25.
Alessandro specchi designed this civic project to connect the plazza di spagna with SS .

MORTUARY TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT ,
Three terraces approached by ramp rists towards the base of the cliffs
Where the chief sanctuary is cut deep into the rock .

The floor plane is the horizontal element that sustains the force
of gravity as we move around and place objects for our use onn it .
It may be a durable covering of yhe ground plane or a more artificial,
Elevated spanning the space between its supports. In either case ,
The texture and the density of the flooring material influences both
The acoustical quality of a space and how we feel as we walk across
its surface .
While the pragmatic , supportive natue of the floor plane limits the
Extent to which it can be manipulated , it is nonetheless as important
element of architectural design . Its shape , color and pattern
determine to what degree it defines spatial boundaries or serves as a
Unifying element for the different parts of the space
Like the ground plane , the form of a floor plane can be stepped or
Terraced to break the scale of a space down to human dimensions and
Create platforms for sitting , viewing, or performing . It can be
Elevated to define a sacred or honorfic place . It can be rendered as
A neutral ground against which other elements in a space .

SITTING AREA , LAWRENCE HOUSE
Sea Ranch, California

Emperors seat , Imperial palace , kyoto

Exterior wall planes isolate a portion of space to create a controlled
interior environmentTheir construction provides both privacy and
protection from the climatic elements forThe interior spaces of a
building , while openings within or between their boundaries Reestablish
a connection with the exterior environment . As exterior walls molds the
Interior space , they simultaneously shape exterior space and describe
the form ,Massing, and image of a building in space.
As a design element, the plane of an exterior wall can be articulted as
the front or primaryFacade of a buildind . In urban situations , these
facades serves as walls that define Courtyards , streets , and such
public gathering places as squares and marketplaces.

A compelling way to use the vertical wall plane is as a supporting element
in the bearing Wall structure system . When arranged in aprallel series to
support an overhead floor or Roof plane, bearing walls define linear slots
of space with strong directional qualities .These spaces can be related
to one another only by interrupting the bearing walls to Create
perpendicular zones of space .

As a design element , a wall plane can merge with the floor or ceiling
plane , or be Articulated as an element isolated from adjacent
planes. It can be treated as a passive or receding backdrop for
other elements in space, or it can assert itself as a visually ‘Active
element within a room by virtue of its form , colour , texture , or
material.
While walls provide privacy for interior spaces and serve as
barriers that limit our movement Doorways and windows re
establish continuity with neighbouring spaces

FINNISH PAVILION ,New York worlds fair , 1939

While we work on a floor and have physical contact with walls , the ceiling
plane is usually out of our reach and is almost always purely visual event
in a space . It may be The underside of an overhead floor of roof plane and
express the form of its structure as Its spans the space between its
support , or it may be suspended as the upper enclosing Surface of a
room or hall .
As a detached lining , the ceiling plane can symbolise the sky vault or with
a primary Sheltering element that unifies the different parts of a space .
It can serve as a repository For frescoes and other means of artistic
expression or be treated simply as passive or receding Surface . It can be
raised or lowered to alter the scale of space or to define spatial zones
With in a room . Its form can be manipulated to control the quality of
light or sound within a space .

The roof plane is essential sheltering element that protects the interior
of a building From the climatic elements. The form and geometry of its
structure is established by The manner in which it spans across the space
to bear on its supports and slopes to Shed rain and melting snow .
As a design element , the roof plan s significant because of the impact it
can have on the form and silhouette of a building within its setting .
The roof plane can be hidden from view by the exterior walls of a building
or merge with the walls To emphasise the volume of the building mass.
It can be expressed as a singe sheltering form that Encompasses a variety
of space beneath its canopy , or comprise a number of hats that
Articulate a series of space within a single building .
A roof plane can extend outwards to form over hangs that shields door
and window openings fro sun or rain, or Continue downward further still
to relate itself more closely to the ground plane. In warm climates , it can
be elevated To allow cooling breezes to flow across and through the
interior space of the building .

SHODHAN HOUSE , AHEMDABAD , 1956

The overall form of a building can be endowed with a distinctly
planar quality by carefully introducing openings which expose
the edges of the vertical and horizontal planes . These planes
can be further Differentiated and accentuated by changes in
colour , texture or material.

Presentation1 plane-FORM SPACE AND ORDER

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Presentation1 plane-FORM SPACE AND ORDER