Presentations 110112
- 2. TODAY’S AGENDA • Delivering Listener-Centered Oral Presentations • Your Oral Presentation • Writing Assignment
- 3. DEFINING GOALS • Think about who your listeners are • Determine your goals with the communication • Consider what listeners expect • Find out how much time you have • Shorter is always better • Enough to deliver the point
- 4. SCENERY • Size of the audience • Location of the presentation • Equipment
- 5. AUDIENCE • Smaller audiences are less formal • Smaller audiences can take questions during the presentation • Larger audiences require more formality • Questions should wait until the end of the presentation for a large audience
- 6. LOCATION • Fixed seating requires one type of presentation. • Movable seating allows more flexibility • Chairs in a circle – less formal • Chairs in rows facing forward – more formal
- 7. EQUIPMENT • Projectors • Computers • Determines if you need handouts or can use a Powerpoint presentation
- 8. SINGLE SOURCE • Plan verbal and visual as parts of the same source material • Consider – people can only focus on one task • Reading • Listening • Facebooking • Graphics are easy to scan (“read”), thus can be used at the same time.
- 9. GRAPHICS • Allow for source material to be presented • Provides interesting and engaging material
- 10. TYPES OF ORAL DELIVERY • Scripted Talk • Outlined Talk • Impromptu Talk
- 11. SCRIPTED TALK • Written out and delivered word for word • Allows you to work out exact phrasing • Ideal for complex information • Ideal for nervous presentation • All your words are right in front of you • Keep within a time limit • Hard to sound natural • Cannot alter in response to audience
- 12. OUTLINED TALK • Prepare an outline of what you will say • In the middle approach • Flexible • Can speed up, slow down, or eliminate material • Ideal for small groups on familiar topics • Requires familiarity with subject matter • May be too flexible for beginning speakers
- 13. IMPROMPTU TALK • Spur of the moment, no preparation • Requires total familiarity with the subject • Natural speaking style • Small group
- 14. VISUAL MEDIUM • Depends on what is available • Computer Projection • Overhead transparencies • Chalkboard/Whiteboard • Handouts
- 15. COMPUTER • Polished slides • Prepare slides quickly • Expand media • Need a dark room, kind of • Slides cannot usually be altered during presentation • Preparation can be time consuming • Can detract from content
- 16. TRANSPARENCIES • Can be made simply • Widely available • Can reorder slides as you give talk • Look plain • Can’t include other media
- 17. WHITEBOARD/CHALKBOARD • Requires no preparation • Very flexible • Small meetings • No media • Delay presentation while you write
- 18. HANDOUTS • Gives viewers a takeaway document • Aids with note taking • Can be distracting • Requires preparation • Cannot be changed after the fact
- 19. INTEGRATION PLANNING • Your purpose and audience • What the audience expects • Your resources • Slides use key words, you use sentences
- 20. FOCUS • Focus on a few main points • Listeners have difficulty focusing • No more than twenty minutes • Listeners cannot “flip back” • Relevant points to listener needs • Break down into points
- 21. SIMPLE STRUCTURE • Introduction > Body > Conclusion • Intro - Introduce the topic • Intro - Explain relevance • Intro - Forecast organization of the presentation • Body - Present three or four main points • Conclusion - Sum up your main points • Conclusion - Identify next steps • Conclusion - Take questions
- 22. SIGNALING THE STRUCTURE • Forecast – tell what the structure will be • Show a graphic that outlines the major parts • Signal Transitions – Show a graphic for the next point • Pause before beginning next topic • Move about • Slow pace • Review – Best for the conclusion
- 23. CONVERSATIONAL STYLE • Builds rapport • When preparing – imaging the audience • Use you and your • Use personal pronouns • Shorter, simple sentences • Words listeners will understand • Enthusiasm • Gestures
- 24. MAKING GRAPHICS • Large typeface • Light background – dark letters (high contrast) • Easy to read typeface • Key words • Bulleted lists • Brief titles • Consistent design
- 25. DISPLAYING GRAPHICS • Only when you are talking about it • Long enough for viewers to understand • Explain key points • Avoid reading • Stand beside projections
- 26. INVOLVING AUDIENCE • Eye contact • Outline or script, look away briefly • Focus on an individual • Focus AROUND an individual • Invite questions • Give “takeaways” • Business cards • Handouts
- 27. PREPARING FOR INTERRUPTIONS • Respond courteously • Maintain good relations with the audience • Even antagonistic audience members • Mark a clear time for questions • Speak to interruptions immediately, then return
- 28. REHEARSAL • In front of people • Delivery of key points • Timing • Rehearse with graphics
- 29. NERVES • Accept it. • Arrive early • Relax before the talk • Speak with audience before the presentation • Everyone understands • Use the energy
- 30. YOUR PRESENTATION • 3 minute minimum – 5 minute maximum • Progress Report • Proposal and Research • Possible directions • Difficulty you’re having • Interesting information you’ve found
- 31. WRITING ASSIGNMENT • Script a short presentation to a classmate about your favorite hobby. • Tell your classmate about the following • What is the hobby? • How popular is it in North America? • How popular is it worldwide? • How did you find out about the hobby? • What introduced you to it? • How often do you engage in the hobby? • Outline and write as much as you can of the presentation until the end of class.