Principles of Motion Economy

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
ECONOMY
PREPARED BY

JJOSEPH GEORGE KONNULLY

SUBDIVISIONS OF PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY

Principles of motion economy will be presented

under the following three subdivisions:

1) Principles of motion economy as related to

the human body.


the arrangement of the place.


the design of tools and equipment.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO USE
OF HUMAN BODY
Principle of m otion economy as related to t he u se of t he human body.
1 . T he two hands should begin as well as complete
t heir m otions at t he same t ime.
2. T he two hands should not be idle at t he same t ime
except du ring rest period.
3. Motions of t he arms should be m ade in opposite
and symmetrical directions and should be m ade
simultaneously.
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the
lowest classification with which it is possible to
per form the work sat isfactorily.
General Classification o f Hand Motions
a. Finger m otions.
b. Motions involving fingers and wrist.
c. Motions involving fingers, wrist, and forearm.
d. Motions involving fingers, wrist, forearm, and u pper
arm.
e. Motions involving fingers, wrist, forearm, u pper arm and shoulder.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTIOM ECONOMY RELATED TO USE
OF HUMAN BODY

5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker
wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a
minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
6. Smooth continuous cur ved motions of the hands are
preferable to straight line motion involving sudden
and sharp changes in direction.
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier, and more
accurate than restricted (fixation) or “controlled”
movements.
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural
rhythm wherever possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few as close together as
possible.
 - Eye Movements
 - Eye – Hand Coordination

EXAMPLE ON USE OF HUMAN BODY USING MOTION
PICTURE FILM

Print of motion picture film showing eye and hand motions of
the operator assembling small parts.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY ON USE OF
HUMAN BODY - EXAMPLE

PUNCH PRESS EYE FIXATION EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF
WORKPLACE

Principle of motion economy as related to the
work place.
1 . There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools
and materials.
2. Tools, materials, and controls should be located close
to the point of use.
 - Normal working area
 - Maximum working area

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF
WORKPLACE- NORMAL/MAXIMUM WORKING AREA

DIMENSIONS OF WORKING AREAS IN 2 DIMENSIONS -
MALE

DIMENSIONS OF WORKING AREAS IN 2 DIMENSIONS
-FEMALE

WORKING SPACE AREAS – 3DIMENSIONS

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO
ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE -EXAMPLE

ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

BOLT AND WASHER ASSEMBLY (OLD METHOD)

A - Special rubber washer
B – Flat steel washer
C – Lock washer
D – 3/8 x 1 inch bolt

Containers with bolts,
lock washers, steel
washers, and rubber
washers arrange on
the top of the bench.

BOLT AND WASHER ASSLY- IMPROVED METHOD


7. The height of the work place and the chair should
preferably by arranged so that alternate sitting and
standing at work are easily possible .

Sitting-standing work place Sitting-standing work place
for males. for females.


8. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture
should be provided for every worker.

Sitting work place for males. Sitting work place for females.

DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO
DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT-EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO
DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT - EXAMPLE

DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

Principles of Motion Economy

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