Process Control (Design Conference 2013)
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The document outlines the legal disclaimers and proprietary information regarding the ADI presentation, emphasizing that all rights are reserved and that the information is provided 'as is' without warranties. It also details the technical aspects of industrial field instruments, including the functioning of loop-powered and non-loop-powered transmitters, their applications, and communication methods such as HART. Additionally, the document addresses trends in field instruments, focusing on miniaturization, improved processing capabilities, and the integration of advanced diagnostics.
![Analog Rate of Change—Fastest Analog
Signal Settling
Request for analog signaling step
change
e.g., 4 mA to 20 mA
HW filter combined with SW
algorithm
Change split into
20 steps in 1 ms distance
Simple integer calculation in each
step
1× multiplication
1× bit manipulation
1× integer addition
Indexed table
Write_DAC (DAC_previous + (DAC_diff ×
StepTable[i]) >> 16);
Analog signal settled in ~25 ms
40
LIMIT
LIMIT](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dc-13processcontrol-130501141917-phpapp02/85/Process-Control-Design-Conference-2013-36-320.jpg)
![Growth through Continuous Innovation and
Industry Firsts
46
®
ADuM1100
First
iCoupler
Digital
Isolator
ADuM140x
4 Channels in
1 Package
ADM248x
RS-485
ADuM120x
2 Channels
in Narrow
SO-8
AD7400
Ʃ-Δ ADC
ADuM125x
I2C
ADuM1220
½ Bridge
Gate Driver
ADuM240x
5 kV RMS
Isolation
ADuM524x
isoPower
ADuM5230
½ Bridge
Driver with
isoPower
ADM3251E
RS-232
ADuM7410
1 kV rms
ADuM4160
USB
ADM2582
RS-485 with
isoPower
ADM305x
CumulativeChannelsofiCouplerIsolation[Millions]
ADE7913
Isolated
Metering AFE
ADuM347x
Switching
Regulator](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dc-13processcontrol-130501141917-phpapp02/85/Process-Control-Design-Conference-2013-42-320.jpg)
Process Control (Design Conference 2013)
- 1. Process Control Reference Designs and System Applications
- 2. Legal Disclaimer Notice of proprietary information, Disclaimers and Exclusions Of Warranties The ADI Presentation is the property of ADI. All copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property and proprietary rights in the ADI Presentation and in the software, text, graphics, design elements, audio and all other materials originated or used by ADI herein (the "ADI Information") are reserved to ADI and its licensors. The ADI Information may not be reproduced, published, adapted, modified, displayed, distributed or sold in any manner, in any form or media, without the prior written permission of ADI. THE ADI INFORMATION AND THE ADI PRESENTATION ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". WHILE ADI INTENDS THE ADI INFORMATION AND THE ADI PRESENTATION TO BE ACCURATE, NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE ADI PRESENTATION AND THE ADI INFORMATION, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS. TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS AND OTHER INACCURACIES OR MISTAKES ARE POSSIBLE. ADI DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE ADI INFORMATION AND THE ADI PRESENTATION WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, WILL BE ACCURATE, OR WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE. ADI EXPRESSLY EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON- INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. ADI SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS OF ANY KIND ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO YOUR USE OF THE ADI INFORMATION AND THE ADI PRESENTATION, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DATA LOSS OR CORRUPTION, COMPUTER VIRUSES, ERRORS, OMISSIONS, INTERRUPTIONS, DEFECTS OR OTHER FAILURES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY IS BASED IN TORT, CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE. USE OF ANY THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE REFERENCED WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE APPLICABLE LICENSE AGREEMENT, IF ANY, WITH SUCH THIRD PARTY. ©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
- 3. Today’s Agenda Field Instruments Introduction 2-wire/4-wire systems—loop-powered vs. non loop-powered Communications PLC/DCS Systems Introduction Analog input module Analog output module Demo Update Circuits from the Lab® reference circuits 3
- 5. Industrial Control System 5 Sensing Control Data/ Communication Control Process Visualization Field Control Room Field Instruments Actuators PLC Control
- 6. High Level System Level Overview Typical Sensor Actuator Network Architecture Control network options: industrial Ethernet, field buses, RS-485, CAN, … Field network options: 4 mA to 20 mA, HART®, IO-link, AS-interface, CC- link/LT, CompoNet, RS-485, … Sensors and actuators available, which support field level and control level connectivity 6
- 7. Industrial Field Instruments 7 Field Instrument
- 8. Field Instrument—Sensors Temperature Pressure Flow Level Position Angle Acidity (pH) Oxygen Content Gas Detection Corrosion 8
- 9. Two Categories of Transmitters Loop-Powered 2-wire connection supplying both power and communication Power is supplied over the current loop from the control room Entire transmitter must operate on <3.2 mA for a standard transmitter and <2.7 mA for a HART enabled transmitter Non Loop-Powered 4-wire connection, two for power and two for communication No power consumption limitations Used in situations where sufficient power cannot be derived from the current loop 9
- 10. 2-Wire Connection, 4 mA to 20 mA Loop Current Loop Carries Both: Information AND Power for Instrument Only Low Power Available Min voltage for instrument Usually specified as ≥12 V Min current ≤4 mA Total available power <50 mW Low Power Design 10 ADC Rsens ~250 Ω 4–20mA ANALOG INPUT CONTROL SYSTEM FIELD INSTRUMENT 24V DC. POWER SUPPLY 2-WIRE CONNECTION
- 11. Field Instrument Signal Chain Loop-Powered Pressure Transmitter 11 Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENSATION IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4mA to 20mA DRIVER DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF LCD WATCHDOG HART MODEM 4-20 mA +HART VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS PROCESSING 32-BIT RISC
- 12. Loop-Powered System Architecture Modem ADC MCU 3.3V FET LOOP IN LOOP OUT 10 V to 45 V supply 4 mA to 20 mA DAC LDO R1 R2 Total Energy Available Under Worst Case 3.3 V at 4 mA Circuit regulates current as appropriate via sense resistor Current is modulated to deliver more or less current from FET as needed I The total system must run from <4 mA. This includes sensor/ADC/MCU/4 mA to 20 mA circuitry power. → Every parts needs to be as low power as possible.. 12
- 13. Key Trends to Field Instruments The Housing is Becoming Smaller Need for smaller parts Need for more integration Need for higher temp rated parts Need for more efficient parts More safety targeted parts— diagnostics There Is a Trend for More Processing Requirements Lower power MCU cores Better processing capability 13
- 14. Pressure Transmitter (Loop-Powered Instrument) Industrial Field Instruments 14
- 15. Field Instrument Signal Chain Loop-Powered Pressure Transmitter 15 Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENSATION IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4 mA to 20 mA DRIVER DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF LCD WATCHDOG HART MODEM 4-20 mA +HART VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS PROCESSING 32-BIT RISC
- 16. Field Instruments—Analog Front End ADI SUCCESS: AD779x Family 16 Σ−∆ ADC MUXDifferential Pressure (Main Value Measured) Static Pressure (Compensation) Temperature (Compensation) Σ−∆ ADC uC CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENZATION In-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-bit) DIAGNOSTICS In-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-bit) uC COMMUNICATION HART MODEM DAC (16-bit) 4-20mA Driver DAC LINEAR REGULATOR Intrinsic Safety LINEAR REGULATORS 12V..50V 4-20mA POWER MANAGEMENT VREF uC DISPLAY LCD SWITCH MODE REGULATOR >90% efficiency WATCHDOGS ADI’s Success: Low Power Sigma-Delta Cores Fully Integrated System on a Chip
- 17. Application—Thermocouple Sensor Application Features Cold-Junction Compensation Thermocouple voltage is proportional to the temperature difference Second sensor needed to measure temperature of the “cold junction” Low Voltage Signal −20 mV to +80 mV FS 10 µV/°C to 50 µV/°C Long Connections 50 Hz/60 Hz interference Front-End Solution with 16- to 24-Bit Σ-Δ ADC AD7792/AD7793—low power, in-amp, voltage reference, excitation currents, 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection AD7708/AD7718—up to 10 AIN channels, gain, 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection AD7719—2 × ADC, gain, excitation currents,50 Hz/60 Hz rejection 19 VOLTAGE REF. ADC FRONT - END SERIAL INTERFACE CALIBRATIONS DIAGNOSTICS DIGITAL FILTER BIAS VOLTAGE AIN1 AIN2 IEXC MUX CLOCK REFIN RREF RT METAL 1 METAL 2 THERMOCOUPLE TERMINAL BLOCK “COLD JUNCTION” Thermocouple V ~ (T1-T2) Programmable Gain Amplifier > 16-bit Resolution Voltage Reference for Thermocouple Voltage Serial Interface 50 /60Hz Rejection Thermistor or RTD or Diode to measure T2 Excitation Current AIN2 and REFIN to measure RT / RREF Bias Voltage
- 18. Precision Analog Microcontroller Industrial Field Instruments 20
- 19. Field Instrument—Example Precision Microconverter 21 Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENSATION In-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4mA to 20mA Driver DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF LCD WATCHDOG HART MODEM 4-20 mA +HART PROCESSING 32-BIT RISC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS MUX ADuCM360
- 21. IDD: Cortex™-M3/SRAM/FLASH = 290 µA/MHz ADC – 70 µA per ADC PGA G = 4/8/16 = 130 µA PGA G = 32/64/128 = 180 µA DAC = 50 µA CPU = 500 kHz, both ADCs active, both PGAs =16, IDD = 1 mA (max) Analog Performance: ADCs are 24-bit monotonic up to 500 SPS ADC ENOB > 21 RMS bits, fADC = 4 Hz ADC ENOB > 19 RMS bits, fADC = 50 Hz Simultaneous 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection at fADC=50 SPS, 80 dB Internal 1.2 V reference, Tempco = 4 ppm typ/15 ppm max DAC 12-bit monotonic Other Details Specified for 1.8 V to 3.6 V operation (3.96 V compatible I/O) Packages: 7 mm × 7 mm, 48-LFCSP (complete system on a chip) ADuCM36x Key Performance Specs—Low Power High Performance Analog Front End 23
- 22. Complete Closed-Loop Precision Analog Microcontroller Thermocouple Measurement System With 4 mA to 20 mA Output (CN0300) Description and Benefits: 4 mA to 20 mA loop is the standard interface for communicating measured values from sensors to a controller The ADuCM360, along with the ADP1720 LDO, provides a complete solution for loop-powered transmitter applications Improve the overall system reliability and efficiency Inputs: 4 mA to 20 mA loop Thermocouple RTD End Market Target Applications Key Parts Used • Industrial • Field instruments • ADuCM360 Available now 24
- 23. 4-20mA Interface Industrial Field Instruments 25
- 24. Field Instrument Example— 4 mA to20 mA Outputs 26 Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENSATION IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4mA to 20mA Driver DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF RS485 WATCHDOG HART MODEM 4-20 mA +HART PROCESSING 32-BIT RISC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS MUX AD5421/22
- 26. AD5421 Enhanced Diagnostic Features AD5421 Fault Detect Features SPI interface watchdog timer SPI interface packet error check Loop current out of range Overtemperature Power supply monitor 29
- 27. HART Communication Industrial Field Instruments 30
- 28. Field Instrument Example— 4 mA to 20 mA Outputs 31 Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENSATION IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4mA to 20mA Driver DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF LCD WATCHDOG HART MODEM 4-20 mA +HART PROCESSING 32-BIT RISC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS MUX AD5700
- 29. What Is HART—Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Global Communication Standard Enhances Measurement Capability Enables Diagnostics Control SystemField Instruments HART DIGITAL DATA HART- ENABLED INSTRUMENTS HART- ENABLED I/O MODULES ANALOG 4 mA TO 20 mA 32
- 30. Why HART Industry Trends: Need for more diagnostics Need for asset management Need for more communication Traditional Analog 4 mA to 20 mA Interface… Single direction only Single channel—single value only Limited diagnostics—working/failing Limiting the system evolution HART “Digital” communication option Analog 4 mA to 20 mA compatible Widely accepted, often implemented by field instruments vendors Recently, wider adoption by PLC/DCS vendors One of the trends in the process control 33 SENSOR 24 V DC 2-wire connection 4–20 mA DC HART AC
- 31. AD5700 Integrated HART FSK Modem Simplifying Applications, Saving PCB Space Integrated Receive Band-Pass Filter Integrated Low Power 0.5% Precision Oscillator High Output Drive Capability 34 Minimum External Components Required
- 32. AD5700: Lowest Power, Smallest Package Outperforming Existing HART Modems on Specifications That Matter Industry-Leading Specifications Lowest power consumption 178 µA demodulation and reference Smallest package 24-lead, 4 mm × 4 mm LFCSP Industry’s widest temperature range –40°C to +125°C Widest supply range VDD of 1.71 V to 5.5 V 38% Reduction in Power 75% Footprint Savings 60% Reduction in External Components 35
- 33. Loop-Powered System Architecture—Example Total Energy Available Under Worst Case 3.3 V at 3.5 mA Modem MCU 10 V to 45 V Supply 4 mA to 20 mA DAC SENSOR Total Current ~2.722 mA Sensors Current Resistive Pressure Sensor/RTD Temp Sensor ~0.8 mA 3.3v ADC Cortex-M3 System on a Chip 2 x 24-Bit ADC Fully Running with Input Buffers 2 x Instrumentation Amplifier 2 (Gain = 16), Fully Running SPI, UART, Timers, Watchdog, Other Circuitry Voltage Reference, RTD Current Source Reference µC Core, FLASH, SRAM (Core Clock = 2 MHz) Clock Generator Total 1.72 mA Hart Modem Current 0.157 mA 36 FET R1 R2 3.3V LDO LOOP IN LOOP OUT 4 mA to 20 mA Output Stage Current 4 mA to 20 mA Output Circuitry, Including LDO ~0.225 mA
- 34. Field Instrument Demo 37 HART MODEM 50Ω DAC LOOP(–)CIN HART_OUT ADC_IN 3.3V COM 3.3V DEMO – AD5700D2Z AD5421ADuCM360 + – UART REGIN SPI COM AD5700 ADC V-REGULATOR VLOOP ADC 1 Temperature Sensor PT100 TEMP.SENSOR REF Vdd Vdd ADC 0 μC SRAM FLASH Clock Reset Watchdog Iexc COM Watchdog Timer 3.3VPressure Sensor Resistive Bridge 4-20 mA +HART REGOUT
- 35. HART Physical Layer Specification Noise During Silence—System Design Challenging 39
- 36. Analog Rate of Change—Fastest Analog Signal Settling Request for analog signaling step change e.g., 4 mA to 20 mA HW filter combined with SW algorithm Change split into 20 steps in 1 ms distance Simple integer calculation in each step 1× multiplication 1× bit manipulation 1× integer addition Indexed table Write_DAC (DAC_previous + (DAC_diff × StepTable[i]) >> 16); Analog signal settled in ~25 ms 40 LIMIT LIMIT
- 37. DEMO-AD5700-D2Z—Complete ADI Solution for Industrial HART Communication AD5700 HART Modem SPIADC UART AIN(+) AIN(–) 3.3V DAC LOOP(–)CIN V-REG HART OUT HART IN 3.3V COM 3.3V AD5421ADuCM360 uC CHART CSLEW + – UART REGIN 0-100% SPI REGOUT Analog Input Simulation CFILTER 41
- 38. HART Stack ADI does not provide HART stack Plan to publish simplified example code for the demo ADuCM360 (configuration, PGA, 2× ADC, Vref, … ) AD5421 (SPI) AD5700 (UART) One HART command But not HART stack… HCF does not provide HART stack on commercial basis Some 3rd parties may provide this service 42
- 40. Field Instrument Example— 4 mA to 20 mA Outputs 44 4-20 mA +HART Σ−∆ ADC MUX DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (MAIN VALUE MEASURED) STATIC PRESSURE (COMPENSATION) TEMPERATURE (COMPENSATION) Σ−∆ ADC MCU FLASH SRAM CALIBRATION LINEARIZATION COMPENZATION IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) IN-AMP (PGA) ADC (24-BIT) CLOCK DAC (16-BIT) 4mA to 20mA DRIVER DAC COMMUNICATION POWER MANAGEMENT VREF RS485 WATCHDOG HART MODEM PROCESSING 32-bit RISC VOLTAGE REGULATORS (SPI) (UART) (I2C)DIAGNOSTICS MUX PROFIBUS CANBUS MODBUS
- 41. iCoupler® and isoPower® Isolation Products ® 45
- 42. Growth through Continuous Innovation and Industry Firsts 46 ® ADuM1100 First iCoupler Digital Isolator ADuM140x 4 Channels in 1 Package ADM248x RS-485 ADuM120x 2 Channels in Narrow SO-8 AD7400 Ʃ-Δ ADC ADuM125x I2C ADuM1220 ½ Bridge Gate Driver ADuM240x 5 kV RMS Isolation ADuM524x isoPower ADuM5230 ½ Bridge Driver with isoPower ADM3251E RS-232 ADuM7410 1 kV rms ADuM4160 USB ADM2582 RS-485 with isoPower ADM305x CumulativeChannelsofiCouplerIsolation[Millions] ADE7913 Isolated Metering AFE ADuM347x Switching Regulator
- 43. CANOpen Node Customer Pain Complexity of Solution Size of Solution Cost of Solution Reliability of Solution (Optocoupler Wearout) Robustness 47
- 45. PLC/DCS Systems Programmable Logic Controllers 50
- 46. Industrial Control System 51 Sensing Control Data/ Communication Control Process Visualization Field Control Room Field Instruments Actuators PLC Control
- 47. Market Trends—Smaller/Faster Modules/Increased Channel Density Intelligent Integration Smaller form factor More channels in same area Intelligent Power Mgmt Smaller housing = heat Integrated power control 52 Channel 4 Channel 3 Channel 2 Channel 1Channel 1 Analog O/P Analog I/P Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Analog I/PAnalog O/P Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Self-Heating Issue Lower Power Designs
- 48. Programmable Logic Controllers 53 Analog Outputs Integration Power Efficiency Performance
- 49. Trends to System Requirements… Module Size Getting Smaller → Business Card Sizes Power dissipated per module reduced: was 5 W to 10 W, now 3 W to 5 W, future 2 W to 3 W Channel Density Increasing → 8/12/16 Channels Increases power dissipation Increased Speed (Settling) for Factory Automation Down to 20 µS for analog output channels → still require efficiency Increased Safety Requirements for Process (SIL) Increased diagnostics/robustness 50
- 50. Innovation Evolution for Industrial Outputs 55 First Quad Universal Output Solution First Integrated Dynamic Power Control Integrated Functions and Diagnostics Fully Programmable Outputs OP2177 OP2177 OP2177 OP2177 AD5664 Discrete Solution Quad DAC + Ext Gain Amps Vout Iout AD5750 Vout Iout AD5750 Vout Iout AD5750 Vout Iout AD5750 AD5664 Semi-Integrated Solution Quad DAC + 4 Ext Drivers Vout Iout AD5422 Vout Iout AD5422 Vout Iout AD5422 Vout Iout AD5422 Fully Integrated Single-Channel Solution Vout Iout Vout Iout Vout Iout Vout Iout AD5755 Fully Integrated Quad Channel Solution NEW Significant reduction in board area Minimal External Components Required Manages and Reduces Power and Heat Efficiently Decreases TTM and Cost of Ownership
- 51. Universal Output Module with Embedded Dynamic Power Control Technology 4 Channels Enabled Driving 20 mA into Zero Ohm Load: Case 1: without dc-to-dc control enabled (pink) Case 2: with dc-to-dc control enabled (blue) On-Chip Die Temperature Low When DC-to-DC Regulation Enabled 56 AD5755 Change in Temperature calculations -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (s) delatT(°C) DC/DC 0 Ohm VBOOST 30V 200Ohms In Production
- 52. System Outputs—Most Common Architecture Main Micro BUS System Power - 24 V Nom DAC Signal Isolation DC-DC Isolated Power Stage 28V 3.3V ADP2441 -28V 5V ADUM2485 Watchdog Supervisor DAC DAC DAC . . . . 20ma @ 1K Analog Outputs: Driving 20 ma into 1 K load needs 20 V compliance. Adding headroom supply for DAC; Supply ~ 24 V. Including output regulation of the power stage a good estimate is 28 V. A short is a valid condition. This is mainly because ADC modules can be terminated with resistor values as low as 20 Ω for sensing. Therefore, an 8-channel module can dissipate up to 4 W from the analog portion alone. Include power losses from the dc-to-dc stage (say 80%) power loss can reach >6 W for the analog portion alone. 58
- 53. Precision 16-Bit DAC AD5755 Block Diagram Dynamic Power Control Diagnostics I 30V 0-24mA 0 Ω load I 5V 24mA 0Ω load DC-DC Voltage and Power is Dynamically Adjusted Smart and High Efficiency Dynamic Power Control (DPC) 59
- 54. Dynamic Power Control DAC Main Micro BUS System Power - 24 V Nom L Signal Isolation DC-DC Isolated Power Stage 15V 3.3V ADP2441 -15V 5V ADUM2485 Watchdog Supervisor 20mA at 0ΩDC-DC C L DAC L 20mA at 0ΩDC-DC C L AD5755 QUAD DAC The addition of a per dc-to-dc to implement dynamic power control allows for individual power losses per channel to be minimized. Under a short condition for eight channels, the dc-to-dc regulates the output to 7.5 V, thereby limiting both on-chip power dissipation and module power dissipation. Assuming a dc-to-dc isolated stage of 80%, the total power dissipated using the dynamic power control for the 8-channel module is 3 W. 60
- 55. AD5755/AD5757 Output Ripple Waveform of output ripple Yellow = IOUT Blue = VBOOST (at 20 mA dc, 1 kΩ load) Per Channel DC-to-DC Circuitry Circuitry at IOUT Example of settling “shape” (0 mA to 20 mA, 1 kΩ load) With 0 nF capacitor at IOUT 7.6 mVp-p output ripple at 20 mA dc ≈ 580 µs settling time With 1 nF capacitor at IOUT 4.24 mV p-p output ripple at 20 mA dc ≈ 580 µs settling time With 10 nF capacitor at IOUT 1.68 mVp-p output ripple at 20 mA dc ≈ 660 µs settling time 61
- 56. Programmable Logic Controllers 62 Analog Inputs Trends in Analog Inputs Better Robustness: Overvoltage Protection Better Rejection of 50 Hz/60 Hz High Speed/Performance ADC Cores
- 57. PLC/DCS Analog Inputs—Input Signals 10 V 0 V to 10 V ±10 V 20 mA Industrial standard 4 mA to 20 mA loop 0 mA to 20 mA loop RTD Resistive temperature device Pt100, Ni1000, Cu10, … Thermocouple Two metals connected together Low voltage (mV) ~ (T1-T2) Second temperature sensor (CJC) 10 V DC 0 – 10V AIN SENSOR 24 V DC AIN ADC AIN A ADC ADC DIVIDER EXCITATION ~mA AIN A ADC T1 T2 Metal A Metal B Copper Copper Sens. (CJC) Rsens 63
- 58. ADA4096-x – 36V OPX96 Performance 36V, RRIO, Precision, µPower, RRIO Op Amp with OVP Key Features Internal input overvoltage protection (OVP) Up to ±32 V beyond the rails Characterized OVP parametric impact (compared to external OVP solutions) Low power: 60 µA typical Unity GBW:800 kHz at Vsy = ±15V typical 550 kHz at Vsy = ±5 V typical 475 kHz at Vsy = ±1.5 V typical Low offset voltage: 35 µV typical Applications Process control (PLC/DSC) Battery monitoring and current shunt sensing Sensor conditioning Portable instrumentation Wireless base stations 64 Isy GBW Vos Vos Drift Noise IB Voltage Temp Range 75 µA max 800 kHz typ 300 µV max 1 µV/°C typ 27 nV/√Hz typ 25 nA max 3 V to 30 V ˗40°C to 125°C ADA4096-2 Dual Released ADA4096-4 Quad Production Package: MSOP-8, LFCSP-8 (3 × 3) List Price: $1.87 at 1k units Package: TSSOP-14, LFCSP-14 (3 × 3) List Price: $2.70 at 1k units ADI Advantages With 2× the BW, ½ Vos and 1/3 TcVos, ½ Vn of the closest competition, and 32 V Input OVP; the ADA4096 provides the industry’s highest level of overvoltage protection for robust operation in demanding I&I applications
- 59. External Diode Protection Advantage Cheap solution Disadvantage Not suitable for some applications (i.e. precision) Variable leakage current Variable capacitance Increase in nonlinearity Need external circuitry Differential Diode Protection Advantage Cheap solution Constant leakage current and capacitance Disadvantage Need external circuitry Does not work when powered off Large Rlimit resistance will add noise to the system ADI OVP Solution Advantage Integrated OVP solution Provides most, if not all protection needed Saves board area Prevents phase inversion beyond IVR Disadvantage Might need extra external protection for OVP beyond the protection limits Surveying Various Internal and External OVP Solutions Internal ESD Protection Advantage Cheap solution Disadvantage Not robust enough 65 ADA4096
- 60. ADI’s OVP Op Amps Overvoltage protection op amps: The most robust solution available Effects are included in data sheet specifications No phase inversion to the protection limits (beyond the IVR) No external circuitry required Protects indefinitely and with power on or off It is able to protect op amps and entire circuitry from: Input voltages above supply rails Manufacturing shorts Human error Transducers which produce voltages higher than supply rails OVP is able to protect circuits from various unexpected errors, which in turns saves $$ 66 ADA4091 ADA4096
- 61. Analog to Digital Converter Programmable Logic Controllers 67
- 62. AD7176 Flexible Filter Options Sinc3 Sinc5+ Sinc1 Enhanced Filters AD7176 Maximize 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection Reduced settling time Improved channel switch rates 50 Hz and 60 Hz combined Standard SD ADC filter Best noise performance and resolution Best choice for single channel high resolution Performs best at lower speeds New filter design Fast channel switching with quickest settling Best performance at higher speeds 68
- 63. Improved Interface Robustness CS rising edge resets the serial interface into a known state No reset required if interface synchronization is lost Writing to AD7176 Reading from AD7176 CRC checksum prevents data corruption on digital interface Work on both reads and writes Internal register checksum Validation of ADC configuration 69
- 64. Enhanced Filtering Simultaneous Rejection of 50 Hz and 60 Hz Multichannel 50 Hz/60 Hz Rejection Fastest 50 Hz/60 Hz Rejection on the Market Output Data Rate (SPS) tSETTLE (ms) Ch. Switch Rate =1/tSETTLE (Hz) Rej. Of 50 Hz and 60 Hz (±1 Hz) (dB) AD7176 Noise- Free Bits 27.27 36.67 27.27 47 23.3 25 40.0 25 62 23.3 20 50.0 20 85 23.5 16.667 60.0 16.667 90 23.5 Trading Faster Channel Switch Rates vs. Rejection 70
- 65. Motor Control/Data Acquisition: Faster Speed/ Robotics, Set Point Control 71 ADC Rsens ~250 Ω 4mA to 20mA ANALOG INPUT FIELD INSTRUMENT (SENSOR) 2-WIRE CONNECTION DAC ANALOG OUTPUT 4mA to 20mAFIELD INSTRUMENT (ACTUATOR) 2-WIRE CONNECTION 1K IO MODULE FASTER SETTLING PRODUCTIVITY EFFICIENCY CONTROL
- 66. Sinc5 + Sinc1 Filter Maximizing Channel Switch Rate Multichannel applications Max channel switch rate = 50 kSPS/channel Single cycle settling at < 10 kSPS ODR Output Data Rate (ODR) (SPS) tSETTLE Switching Rate (SPS) F Notch (Hz) Noise (µV RMS) Resolution (p-p) Noise-Free bits (5 V Vref) 250,000 20 µs 50,000 250,000 9.7 17.25 50,000 36 µs 27,778 50,000 5 18.2 25,000 56 µs 17,857 25,000 3.6 18.7 15,625 80 µs 12,500 15,625 2.7 19.1 10,000 100 µs 10,000 11,905 2.5 19.2 1,000 1.0 ms 1,000 1,016 0.82 20.8 100 10.0 ms 100.0 100.16 0.46 21.7 59.94 16.68 ms 59.94 60.00 0.43 21.7 49.96 20.016 ms 49.96 50.00 0.42 21.8 16.667 60.02 ms 16.66 16.67 0.42 21.8 5 200.02 ms 5.00 5.00 0.32 22.1 66
- 67. AD7176-2, 24-Bit, 250 kSPS, 20 µs Settling Σ-Δ ADC Fast and Flexible Output Data Rates 5 SPS to 250 kSPS 17.2 noise-free bits at 250 kSPS Flexible filter options Fastest 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection Fast settling—50 kSPS/channel scan rate INL 2.5 ppm typical Integrated 2.5 V reference (2 ppm) and oscillator Per channel configuration and calibration Cross point mux with automatic sequencing AIN 0 AIN 1 AIN 2 AIN 3 AIN 4 AVSS Crosspoint Multiplexer AVDD Σ-Δ ADC AVSS SERIAL INTERFACE & CONTROL CS SCLK DIN DOUT/RDY SYNC/ERROR I/O CONTROL GPIO 0 GPIO 1 AVDD1 AVDD2 1.8V LDO REGCAP A IOVDD 1.8V LDO REGCAP D DGND Buffered Precision Reference REF+REF- REFOUT XTAL1 CLKIO/XTAL2 XTAL & INTERNAL CLOCK OSCILLATOR CIRCUITRY AD7176-2 INT REF DIGITAL FILTER Noise-Free P-P Bits Channel Switch Rate 17.2 50 kSPS 18.5 31 kSPS 20.2 2.5 kSPS 23.5 20 SPS 73
- 68. Process Control Demo Demo Station 74
- 70. Loop-Powered, 4 mA to 20 mA + HART Interface with AD5421 + AD5700 (CN0267) Description and Benefits: 4 mA to 20 mA loop is the standard interface for communicating measured values from sensors to a controller HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) protocol is the global standard for sending and receiving digital information across analog wires The HART communication enables better diagnostic capabilities and asset management Improve the overall system reliability and efficiency Inputs: 4 mA to 20 mA loop Standard resistive pressure sensor End Market Target Applications Key Parts Used • Industrial • Field instruments • Smart transmitter • AD5700 • AD5421 • ADUCM360 Available now 76 This demo board is available for purchase: www.analog.com/DC13-hardware
- 71. DEMO-AD5700-D2Z—Complete ADI Solution for Industrial HART Communication (Transmitter Side) AD5700 HART Modem SPIADC UART AIN(+) AIN(–) 3.3V 50Ω DAC LOOP(–)CIN V-REG HART OUT HART IN 3.3V COM 3.3V AD5421ADuC uC CHART CSLEW + – UART REGIN 0-100% SPI REGOUT Analog Input Simulation CFILTER 77
- 72. Isolated, Single Channel Universal Analog Input (Voltage, Current, Thermocouple, RTD) with Overvoltage Protection (CN0325) Description and Benefits: Single channel analog front end for process control systems Overvoltage protection Universal analog input Channel-to-Channel isolation Inputs: Voltage Current Temperature (thermocouple + RTD) End Market Target Applications Key Parts Used • Industrial • PLC/DCS • AD7795 • ADuM3471 • ADT7310 Available now 78 This demo board is available for purchase: www.analog.com/DC13-hardware
- 73. Isolated (ADUM347x), Single Channel, Voltage and Current Output (AD5422) with HART (AD5700) Suitable for Channel-to-Channel Isolated Systems (CN0321) Description and Benefits: Single channel analog output for process control systems HART enabled Current and voltage output ranges Channel-to-Channel isolation Inputs: Digital inputs End Market Target Applications Key Parts Used • Industrial • PLC/DCS • ADUM3471 • AD5422 • AD5700 Available now 79 This demo board is available for purchase: www.analog.com/DC13-hardware
- 74. Tweet it out! @ADI_News #ADIDC13 What We Covered Introduction to Industrial Control Understand Field Instruments and PLC/DCS Market Trends and ADI Products to Support This Demo of ADI Process Control Boards 80
- 75. Reference Circuits Some Other Relevant Circuit Notes for Process Control: Transmitters Complete closed-loop precision analog microcontroller thermocouple measurement system with 4 mA to 20 mA output (CN0300) 4 mA to 20 mA loop-powered temperature monitor using the ADuC7060/ADuC7061 precision analog microcontroller (CN0145) Complete thermocouple measurement system using the AD7793 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC (CN0206) EMC Compliant RS-485 transceiver protection circuits (CN0313) PLC/DCS Precision 24-bit, 250 kSPS single-supply Sigma-Delta ADC system for industrial signal levels, using the AD7176 (CN0310) Software configurable, universal analog front end for industrial and sensor data acquisition (CN0209) High accuracy multichannel thermocouple measurement solution (CN0172) 4 channels, flexible, configurable, voltage and current output circuit for I/O card and PLC applications (CN0229) 81