Process Mining - Chapter 12 - Analyzing Spaghetti Processes
1 like2,932 views
Chapter 12 discusses the analysis of 'spaghetti processes' in various fields such as healthcare and manufacturing, emphasizing the complexities and challenges associated with these processes. It illustrates this analysis using examples from a Dutch hospital and ASML, detailing event logs and the need for refined process models. Additionally, the chapter highlights the potential benefits of process mining, including performance improvement and decision support.
Process Mining - Chapter 12 - Analyzing Spaghetti Processes
- 1. Chapter 12 Analyzing “Spaghetti Processes” prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst www.processmining.org
- 2. Overview Chapter 1 Introduction Part I: Preliminaries Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Process Modeling and Data Mining Analysis Part II: From Event Logs to Process Models Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Getting the Data Process Discovery: An Advanced Process Introduction Discovery Techniques Part III: Beyond Process Discovery Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Conformance Mining Additional Operational Support Checking Perspectives Part IV: Putting Process Mining to Work Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Tool Support Analyzing “Lasagna Analyzing “Spaghetti Processes” Processes” Part V: Reflection Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Cartography and Epilogue Navigation PAGE 1
- 3. Remember: How can process mining help? • Detect bottlenecks • Provide mirror • Detect deviations • Highlight important • Performance problems measurement • Avoid ICT failures • Suggest improvements • Avoid management by • Decision support (e.g., PowerPoint recommendation and • From “politics” to prediction) “analytics” PAGE 2
- 4. Example of a Spaghetti process Spaghetti process describing the diagnosis and treatment of 2765 patients in a Dutch hospital. The process model was constructed based on an event log containing 114,592 events. There are 619 different activities (taking event types into account) executed by 266 different individuals (doctors, nurses, etc.). PAGE 3
- 5. Fragment 18 activities of the 619 activities (2.9%) PAGE 4
- 6. Another example (event log of Dutch housing agency) The event log contains 208 cases that generated 5987 events. There are 74 different activities. PAGE 5
- 7. PAGE 6
- 8. L* approach for Spaghetti processes Stage 0: plan and justify data understanding business understanding Focus on Stages 0-2, Stage 1: extract Stage 3 is typically only partially possible, Stage 4 requires more historic data handmade models objectives (KPIs) questions structure. explore discover check compare Stage 2: create control-flow model promote and connect event log diagnose event log control-flow model redesign interpret enhance Stage 3: create integrated process model adjust event log ? process model intervene PAGE 7
- 9. Functional areas service procurement product development sales/CRM customers suppliers finance/accounting resource management production logistics Spaghetti processes are typically encountered in product development, service, resource management, and sales/CRM. Lasagna processes are typically encountered in production, finance/accounting, procurement, logistics, resource management, and sales/CRM. PAGE 8
- 10. Any process model can be simplified: filtering Filtering in ProM 6: select top 80% of activities in event log of housing agency. PAGE 9
- 11. Effect of filtering (event log of Dutch housing agency) PAGE 10
- 12. Filtering: another example Filtering in ProM 5.2: select activities that appear in more than 5% of the cases in the hospital log. PAGE 11
- 13. Trade-off entire event log fewer models, but more complex split heterogeneous log into smaller more homogeneous logs more models, but simpler smaller event logs each corresponding to a “simple” process model PAGE 12
- 14. Fuzzy mining (event log of Dutch housing agency) PAGE 13
- 15. More Spaghetti processes Processes of ASML, Philips Healthcare, and AMC. PAGE 14
- 16. Test process ASML • ASML is the world’s leading manufacturer of chip- making equipment and a key supplier to the chip industry. • The testing of manufactured wafer scanners is an important, but also time-consuming, process. • Every wafer scanner is tested in the factory of ASML. When it passes all tests, the wafer scanner is disassembled and shipped to the customer where the system is re-assembled (and tested again). PAGE 15
- 17. About the example log • The event log containing 154,966 events. • The event log contained information about 24 carefully chosen wafer scanners (same type, same circumstances, and having complete logs). • The number of events per case (i.e., the length of the executed test sequence) in this event log ranges from 2820 to 16250 events. • There are 360 different activities, all identified by four letter test codes. • Each instance of these 360 activities has a start event and complete event. PAGE 16
- 18. Discovered process model (just complete events) PAGE 17
- 19. Conformance checking • ASML also had a so-called reference model describing the way that machines should be tested. • This reference model is at the level of job steps rather than test codes. However, ASML maintains a mapping from the lower level codes to these higher level activities. Comparing the reference model and our discovered model (both at the job step and test code level) revealed interesting differences. • Moreover, using the ProM’s conformance checker we could show that the average fitness was only 0.375, i.e., less than half of the events can be explained by the model. • When replaying, we discovered many activities that had occurred but that should not have happened according to the reference model and activities that should have happened but did not. PAGE 18
- 20. Philips Healthcare: Allura Xper systems • Philips Healthcare is one of the leading manufacturers of medical devices, offering diagnosing imaging systems, healthcare information technology solutions, patient monitoring systems, and cardiac devices. • Philips Remote Services (PRS) is a system for the active monitoring of systems via the Internet. PRS has been established to deliver remote technical support, monitoring, diagnostics, application assistance, and other added value services. • We analyzed the event logs of Allura Xper systems. These are X-ray systems designed to diagnose and possibly assist in the treatment of all kinds of diseases, like heart or lung diseases, by generating images of the internal body. PAGE 19
- 21. Fuzzy miner tailored towards the needs of Philips Healthcare PAGE 20
- 22. AMC Hospital Group of 627 gynecological oncology patients treated in 2005 and 2006. The event log contains 24331 events referring to 376 different activities. PAGE 21
- 23. Social network (between different organizational units of the AMC hospital) PAGE 22
- 24. Analyzing “Spaghetti Processes” More difficult, but … the potential gains are also more substantial. PAGE 23