Process oriented, performance-based assessment

PROCESS-ORIENTED,
PERFORMANCE-BASED
ASSESSMENT

Is it possible to explain why the
student outputs is as they are
through an assessment of the
processes which they did in order
to arrive at the final product?

“ It is important to assess students’
learning not only through their
outputs or products but also the
processes which the students
underwent in order to arrive at
these products or outputs.”

WHAT IS PERFORMANCE-BASED?
• One in which a teacher observes and makes a
judgment about the student’s demonstration
of a skill or competency in creating a product,
constructing a response, or making a
presentation.
• Emphasis on student’s ability to perform tasks
by producing their own work with their
knowledge and skills.
• Examples: singing, playing a piano,

PROCESS-ORIENTED LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
• Information about outcomes is important.
To improve outcomes, we need to know
about student experience along the way.
• Assessment can help us understand which
students learn best under what conditions
which such knowledge comes the capacity
to improve the whole of their learning.

PROCESS-ORIENTED LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
• Process-oriented performance-based
assessment is concerned with the actual
task performance rather than the output or
product of the activity.
• Process-oriented performance-based
assessment is concerned with the actual
task performance rather than the output or
product of the activity.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• Competencies are defined as groups or
clusters of skills and abilities needed for a
particular task.
• The objectives focus on the behaviors
which exemplify “best practice” for the
particular task.
• Such behavior range from a “beginner” or
“novice” level up to the level of “expert”.

Example
Task: Recite a Poem by Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven”
Objectives: To enable the students to recite a poem
entitled “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe.
Specifically:
1. Recite the poem from memory without referring to notes;
2. Use appropriate hand and body gestures in delivering the
piece;
3. Maintain eye contact with the audience while reciting the
poem;
4. Create ambiance of the poem through appropriate rising
and falling intonation;
5. Pronounce the words clearly and with proper diction.

Examples of simple
competencies:
Speak with a
well-modulated
voice
Draw a straight
line from one
point to another
point
Color a leaf with
a green crayon
Examples of complex
competencies:
Recite a poem with feeling
using appropriate voice
quality, facial expression
and hand gestures
Construct an equilateral
triangle given three non-
collinear points
Draw and color a leaf with

1. Identifying an activity that would
highlight the competencies to be
evaluated.
2. Identifying an activity that would
entail more or less the same sets of
competencies.
3. Finding a task that would be
interesting and enjoyable for the

Topic: Understanding biological diversity
Possible Task Design
• Bring the students to the pond or creek
• Ask them to find all living organisms
near the pond or creek
• Bring them to school playground to find
as may living organisms they can find
Observe how the students will develop a
system for finding such organisms,
classifying the organisms and concluding
the differences in biological diversity of the
two sites.

How can a teacher assess
students' authentic task?

WHAT IS A RUBRIC?
• A scoring scale used to assess student
performance
• A coherent set of criteria for students' work
that includes descriptions of levels of
performance quality on the criteria.
• Typically, rubrics are used in scoring or
grading written assignments or oral
presentations; however, they may be used to
score any form of student performance.

Levels of Performance
Criteria Descriptors

WHY INCLUDE LEVELS OF
PERFORMANCE?
 Clear
Expectations
 More consistent
& objective
assessment

WHY INCLUDE LEVELS OF
PERFORMANCE?
 Better feedback

ANALYTIC RUBRICS
VERSUS
HOLISTIC RUBRICS

HOLISTIC RUBRICS
 Provides comprehensive descriptions of
each level of performance.
 Useful for quick and general assessment
and feedback.
 Descriptions may be organized in columns
or rows.

Process oriented, performance-based assessment

Assessment
Scale
Criteria
Excellen
t (5)
Very
Good
(4)
Good
(3)
Fai
r
(2)
Poor
(1)
1. Degree to which the report
reflects the objectives of the
research
2. Level of creativity
3. Clarity
4. Visual Appeal
5. Level of effort
SUB-TOTALS
Total:_______
Scoring Protocol
20 and
above
Most Acceptable
15-19 Very Acceptable
10-14 Acceptable
5-9 Barely
Acceptable
Below 5 Unacceptable
Assessing a Research Paper

ADVANTAGES OF HOLISTIC RUBRICS
 Scoring is faster than with analytic rubrics.
 Requires less time to achieve inter-rater
reliability.
 Good for summative assessment.

DISADVANTAGES OF HOLISTIC
RUBRICS
 Single overall score does not communicate
information about what to do to improve.
 Not good for formative assessment.

ANALYTIC RUBRICS
 Breaks out criteria for distinguishing
between levels of performance on each
criterion.
 Useful for detailed assessment and
feedback.
 Descriptions are organized in a matrix.

ADVANTAGES OF ANALYTIC RUBRICS
 Gives diagnostic information to teacher.
 Gives formative feedback to students.
 Easier to link to instruction than holistic
rubrics.
 Good for formative assessment; adaptable
for summative assessment; if you need an
overall score for grading, you can combine
the scores.

DISADVANTAGES OF ANALYTIC
RUBRICS
 Takes more time to score than holistic
rubrics.
 Takes more time to achieve inter-rater
reliability than with holistic rubrics.

HOW MANY LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE
SHOULD I INCLUDE IN MY RUBRIC?
There is no specific number of levels a
rubric should or should not possess. It will vary
on the task and your needs as long as you
decide that it is appropriate.
Generally, it is better to start with a smaller
number of levels of performance for a criterion
and then expand if necessary

Makes eye
contact with
audience
Never Sometime
s
Always
For example, in an oral presentation rubric,
amount of eye contact might be an important
criterion. Performance on that criterion could
be judged along three levels of performance:

Though you might feel the previous
example inadequate as many students fall
in between, you might expand the number
of levels of performanceMakes eye
contact with
audience
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Makes eye
contact with
audience
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Process oriented, performance-based assessment

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