Processing data
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This document discusses the process of processing collected data in research. It involves editing and coding the raw data to analyze it and draw conclusions. Editing involves checking the data for completeness, accuracy, and consistency and arranging it systematically. Coding transforms the raw data into symbols, usually numbers, to facilitate tabulation and analysis. The key steps in processing data are editing to clean the data, coding to convert it into analyzable form, and summarizing the coded data, which can be done manually for small samples or using computer programs for large samples.
Processing data
- 1. PROCESSING DATA Editing & Coding
- 2. What is processing data? The collected data in research is processed and analysed to come to some conclusion or to verify the hypothesis made. processing of data technically means EDITING CODING CLASSIFICATION TABULATION
- 3. EDITING OF DATA Information gathered during data collection may lack uniformity. A researcher check for completeness, accuracy and consistency of data , collection and arranging the data in a systematic manner is known as Editing. It consist of scrutinising the completed research instrument to identify and minimise the errors, gaps, etc.
- 4. PRINCIPLES OF EDITING Checking of the number of schedule/ questionnaire Completeness Legibility To avoid inconsistencies in answers. To maintain degree of uniformity. To eliminate irrelevant responses.
- 5. PURPOSE OF EDITING For consistency between and among responses. For completeness in responses to reduce effects of items. To better utilize questions answered out of order. To facilitate the coding process.
- 6. TYPES OF EDITING 1) FIELD EDITING : It relates to abbreviate or illegible written form of gathered data, which is effective when done on the same or after the interview. 2) CENTRAL EDITING : It relates to time when all data collection process has been completed. Here the single editor corrects the errors like entry in the wrong unit or place etc. As a rule, wrong answer should be dropped from the final results.
- 7. CODING Transforming raw data into symbols (usually numbers) for tabulating and analysing. The way you want to communicate the findings about a variable to your readers.
- 8. PURPOSE OF CODING MANUAL In qualitative data analysis, the purpose of coding manual is 1. To briefly discuss the functions of codes. 2. To profile a selected repertoire of coding methods. 3. To provide a reader sources, descriptions, examples etc. Coding can be done manually or electronic
- 9. SUMMARIZING THE DATA Data master sheet: The hand processed raw data can be summarized in the data master sheet to facilitate the data analysis efficiently. Compilation by hand: ( without master sheet) It is efficient when the sample is small and the collected data is limited. To ensure the accuracy and speed 1. manual sorting 2. tally counting
- 10. Computer compilation The larger the sample, the greater the beneficial of computer use. It consist of the following steps: 1. choosing an appropriate computer program : Epi info – Data entry and analysis LOTUS 1-2-3 – Spreadsheet program 2. Data entry: To enter data, data entry format is developed and the information need to be coded. Eg: Female – 1 & Male - 2
- 11. 3. Verification: The print out can be checked visually for obvious error. 4. Programming: To analyse data , it is important to communicate effectively with computer personnel Eg: Name , location & subject 5. Computer output: All of analysis and results can be printed by computer but the report produced should be decided. Eg: table , graph & statistical test etc.